翻譯公司資訊

世聯(lián)翻譯公司完成排水說明英文翻譯

發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-08 08:54　　點(diǎn)擊：

Fujian Zhenyun Plastics Industry Co., Ltd

Foreword

Fujian Zhenyun Plastics Industry Co., Ltd is a comprehensive joint holding company which is dedicated to R&D, production and sale and is one of the large backbone companies in the chemistry and building material industry in China. Now Zhenyun is the deputy director of the Modification Plastics Specialty Committee of China Plastics Processing Industry Association, is a technology R&D base of Ministry of Construction, undertakes the promotion and transformation guidance project for technical achievements of Ministry of Construction, is one of the state-level key high-tech companies, undertakes the state torque plan project and is an advanced company in the light industry quality management in China.

Zhenyun was founded in 1992 and was successfully listed on the Singapore market in 2006. Now Zhenyun has evolved into a high-tech company which annual plastic processing and production capability reaches 200000 tons and employs over 2000 employees (the percent of the employees with junior college degree is over 35% in total employees). Zhenyun is dedicated to the engineering plastic pipe products of PVC-U, PVC-C, PE and other materials which are advanced in the world and is leading in China. The products are extensively in the areas at home and abroad such as water supply, water drainage, chemistry, gas, agricultural irrigation, waste processing, communication, power, mine and garden greening.

Zhenyun first passed ISO9000 International Quality Management System and Product Quality Certification in the industry in 1998 and then passed completely ISO14001 International Environment Management System Certification and OHSAS18001:1999 International Occupational Health Safety Management System Certification. The “Zhenyun” product series have been awarded with “Fujian well-known product”. The registered trademark “Zhen yun” is evaluated as “Fujian well-known trademark”. Zhenyun depends on the strengths in technology, quality and brand and owns Deyang Zhenyun Plastics Industry Co., Ltd, Hunan Zhenyun Plastics Industry Co., Ltd and Sanhe Zhenyun Plastics Industry Co., Ltd and four professional production bases. Zhenyun has established 183 marketing and service offices in 29 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China, owns dedicated transport dispatching center and customer service center with convenient traffic and has established a smooth logistics system and perfect service system.

Aiming at the target of “manufacturing refined plastic products and creating well-known brands in China”, Zhenyun Technology Center is awarded as “Provincial Company-Level Technology Center” and conquers the particular eye on the market with the refined technology and meets the strict customer requirements with the excellent quality. Zhenyun is awarded with “China Well-known Products”, “Water Supply Products for Village Recommended by Ministry of Water Resources”, “Products for China Healthy Residence Illustrated Project”, “State-Level High-Tech Company”, “High-Quality Product Company”, “Contract-Abiding and Trustworthy Company” and “10 Million Yuan Tax Key Account”.

Bonding to the tenet of “honor with employees, share with customers and advance with whole society”, Zhenyun keeps pursuing for win of employees, company, customers and society and is dedicated to becoming the first-class supplier in China plastic pipe industry with continuous creation and teamwork for many years. Zhenyun overcomes all difficulties with passion, continuously increases investment on technology and talents and faces to the competitive challenges from the market at home and abroad for a brighter future.

Based on multi-year experiences and continuous research, this manual introduces the features of PVC-U pipe, pipe design and construction and other technical requirements with an easy-to-understand manner for references of the PVC-U pipe constructors, operators and engineering technicians in the water supply project. The PVC-U pipe for water supply must be designed, constructed and accepted according to the applicable national standards or industry specification.

This manual is applicable to installation of the “Zhenyun” PVC-U pipe for water supply and is explained by Zhenyun.

Produce refined plastic product Create China well-known brands

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Contents

I Construction method for PVC-U pipe for water supply connection 3

II Transport and piling of PVC-U pipes and fittings for water supply 5

III Laying, installation and construction specification of outdoor PVC-U pipe for water supply 6

IV Construction specification for building PVC-U pipe for water supply engineering 37

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I Connection method for PVC-U pipe for water supply

1 Prying and insertion method of ironic bar

To pry and insert by using an ironic bar, first place the insertion end at the bushing end, make them be aligned with the center line of the pipe, pad a thick wooden board which diameter is more than it of the pipe at the pipe end, pry it into the pipe by using an ironic bar and strike the pipe till insertion mark.

Figure 1 Prying and insertion method of ironic bar

2 Assembly and connection method of pipe stretcher

(1) Connect the chamfer of two connection pipes to the R expansion socket.

(2) Make the pipe hoop of the pipe stretcher be less than total length of the pull plate of the pipe stretcher.

(3) Symmetrically cover the pipe stretcher handle into the hanger of the pipe hoop fixing the pipe, make the handle tilt to the pulled pipe, cover the pulling plate into the pipe hoop of the pulled pipe (at the root of the pipe hoop), impose force in parallel by using two hands and slowly pull the pipe till the insertion mark.

(4) After operation, properly keep it to prevent distorted pipe hoop and hanging plate from affecting use effect.

Figure 2 connection of pipe stretcher

3 Striking connection method

To place the insertion end into the bushing socket, make them be aligned with the center line of the pipe, pad a thick wooden board which diameter is more than it of the pipe at the pipe end, strike the center part of the wooden board till insertion mark.

Figure 3 Striking connection method

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II Transport and piling of PVC-U pipes and fittings for water supply

1 When piling the PVC-U pipe for water supply, they should be padded flatly. Otherwise, it will bend and distort the pipe. The piling length should not be over 1.5m and the distance to the heat source is not less than 1m. For insertion mouthing pipe, the mouthing of the adjacent layer should be reversed and the mouthing should be reserved to prevent against centralized load at the insertion socket, shown as the figure 4.

Figure 4 Schematic diagram of pipe piling

2 Store the PVC-U pipe for water supply in the warehouse, reasonably place them and keep the distance to the heat source be less than 1 m.

3 Storage requirement of rubber ring for PVC-U pipe for water supply:

(1) It should be stored indoor where the temperature is less than 400C. It should not be exposed to the sunshine for a long period and is over 1m from the heat source.

(2) It should not be stored together with the solvents which can dissolve the rubber (oil and benzene) and acid, alkaline and saline which are harmful to the rubber and can not touch with the above materials.

(3) It should not be extruded for a long period in storage and transportation to avoid distortion.

(4) It should be piled in disorder (it is not easy to distort) in storage and should be piled by type flatly in order.

(5) When the condition is allowed, the rubber ring can be placed into the mouthing groove. The mouthing groove should be cleaned prior to operation.

(6) Once the rubber ring distorts, it can not be used directly. When the rubber ring slightly distorts, it should be flatly placed under the sunshine. After the ring is heated and restores to original shape. If the ring distorts severely, it should be dipped in the warn water and then be used.

4 When the PVC-U pipes and fittings for water supply are transported, unloaded and stored, it is forbidden to throw and fiercely collide. It should avoid exposure to sunshine. If it is stored for a long period, the pipes should be stored in the shed to prevent the pipe from distortion and aging.

5 If the pipes are transported for a long distance, check whether the carriages include the protruded sharp and hard hardware (such as bolts), the surface on both sides of the support of the car is smooth to avoid scrape to pipe surface. When the bearing insertion socket pipe is transported, the mouthing of the pipes of adjacent layer should be reverted to expose the mouthing and avoid centralized load at the mouthing.

III Laying, installation and construction specification of outdoor PVC-U pipe for water supply

1 Digging of groove

The outdoor PVC-U pipe groove for water supply groove should be laid according to the design requirement and construction progress. For construction safety and smooth pipe installation, the following requirements should be noticed:

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(1) When digging a groove in the area without underground water, If the groove depth is not over the following regulated values, there is no side slope on the groove wall:

Filled sand and gravelly soil: 1 m clay 1.5m

Sand loam and mild clay 1.25m dense soil 2m

(2) When digging a groove in the area without underground water and where the soil has natural humidity and is equable in structure, if the groove depth is over the value regulated in the item (1) and is within 5m, the maximum allowed slope of the groove wall should meet the regulations in the table 5.

Table 5 Maximum groove slope within 5m depth (without support)

Name of soil Groove slope

Manually soil digging and throw soil on the groove edge Mechanical soil digging

Dig soil (1) at the groove bottom Dig soil on groove edge

Sand (2)

Sand loam

Mild clay

Clay

Including gravel and scree soil

Peat rock and malm

Dry loess

Remark:

(1) If the soil is manually dug and the soil is transported at any time, the soil can be mechanically dug at the groove bottom for slope.

(2) The sand does not include small sand and powder sand in the table. The dry loess does not include the loess-like soils.

(3) The discarded soil and materials can not be piled within 0.8m within the groove edge.

(4) When digging the groove in the back filled soil area or rainy season, the side slope can be properly increased or other measures can be taken to guarantee no collapse. For construction in the area with higher underground level, the water level should be reduced or the water should be drained. The method is selected by the hydrological and geological condition and the groove depth. The water inside the groove should be drained in time. The water can not be accumulated inside the groove.

(4) The vertical wall of the groove which depth is within 5 m should be reinforced by using proper support according to the regulations in the table 6.

Table 6 Support style of groove

Soil conditions Groove depth (m) Support type

Clay-like soil with natural humidity where there is little underground water Non-connected support

Clay-like soil with natural humidity where little underground water Continuous support

Loose soil with high humidity Regardless of depth Continuous support

Loose soil with high humidity with much underground water where the soil particles may be rushed If the underground water level is not reduced, the plate stake should be supported

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(5) Generally the width of the groove bottom is 0.5m longer than the pipe diameter. When the groove depth is over 2m and is within 3m and is supported, the width of the groove bottom should be increased by 0.1m and 0.2m. When the groove depth is over 3m, the width of the groove bottom should be increased by 0.2m for 1m increment. When the groove is supported by the plate stake and the groove depth is within 2m and 3m, the groove bottom width will increase by 0.4m and 0.6m.

(6) When the requirements for groove depth design are not available, the coverage soil at the top of the pipe must be under the freezing line. Generally the burying depth can be 0.2m under the freezing line and meet the following conditions:

When de 50mm, the minimum burying depth of the pipe top is 0.5m.

When de>50mm, the minimum burying depth of the pipe top is 0.7m.

(6) When digging the groove, the old soil which is 0.2-0.3m above the designed height of the groove bottom should be reserved (mechanical construction) and disturbance is forbidden. The soil should be manually cleaned ahead of auxiliary pipe, but generally the soil under the standard design height of the groove bottom should not be dug. For local digging, the sand or old soil should be used for back filling and tightening.

(8) The groove bottom should be continuously leveled. There is no gravel, hard blocks and other protrusion objects at the groove bottom surface. When there are hard objects such as the stones which are not easy to clean or the ground base such as rock, half rock and gravel, the soil within 0.15-0.2m under the designed elevation should be removed and the sand are laid for leveling and tightening.

(9) When digging the groove, if there are some pipes, cable and underground buildings or relics, they should be protected the related organizations and design department should be contacted in time for coordination.

(10) The living water pipe is forbidden to pass through the polluted areas such as cesspit, lavatory and grave. If this case occurs in groove digging, you should coordinate with the design and sanitation authority for processing.

(11) When the PVC-U pipe for water supply passes through the railway, road or aboveground buildings, the reinforced concrete bushing should be installed. There is not connector within the range of the bushing. The minimum diameter of the bushing is the external diameter of the PVC-U pipe plus 600mm. 0.1-0.2m sand should be laid inside the bushing to keep parallel to the groove bottom on both sides.

(12) For easy back filling in the complicated soil area, the dug soil should be piped together with the back-filled soil (first back filled). Other soil should be pilled on one side (then back filled). Otherwise, it makes back filling be difficult.

2 Connection and installation of outdoor PVC-U pipe for water supply

The outdoor water supply PVC-U piping system can be connected by using rubber ring (R expansion socket), adhesive and flange. The rubber ring is applicable to the pipe which external diameter is 63-630mm. The adhesive bonding is applicable to the pipes which external diameter is 20-160mm. Generally the flange connection is applicable to the hard PVC pipe and casting ironic pipe. The specific connection method is introduced as follows:

(1) Connection method of rubber ring (R expansion socket)

Figure 8 R expansion socket connection

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Table 7 Construction tool details for jobs

Jobs Type of tool

Saw pipe and chamfer Fine-toothed saw or pipe cutter, chamfering machine or middle-size flat file, multimeter and gauge

Clean working surface Cotton or dry cloth

Coat lubricant Brush and lubricant

Connect Pipe stretcher or manual hoist

Installation inspection Feeler gauge

(1) Check the pipes and fittings quality and prepare the construction tools by the jobs according to the table 7.

(2) Clean the rubber groove inside the mouthing, insertion socket working surface and rubber ring to remove the soil or dust.

(3) Install the rubber ring correctly in the groove area of the rubber ring of the mouthing and do not install reversely or distort it. For easy installation, first immerse the rubber ring with water.

(4) When the connection pipes of the rubber ring is cut off in construction, chamfer at the insertion socket, scratch the insertion length mark line and connect them. The minimum insertion length should comply with the regulation in the table 8. When the pipe is cut, the cutting socket should be level and be perpendicular to the pipe axis.

Table 8 Insertion socket depth of pipe

Nominal external diameter (mm)

Insertion mouthing depth of pipe end (mm)

(5) Coat the lubricants on the surface of the rubber ring and pipe mouthing by using the brush and do not bond the lubricant inside the rubber ring groove at the mouthing. The washing powder water, soap water or V fatty acid salt can be used as the lubricant. It is forbidden to use the butter or other greases as the lubricants.

(6) Point the insertion socket of the connection pipe to the mouthing, keep the insertion pipe section be perpendicular and insert the pipe till the marking line by using the pipe stretcher or manual hoist. If the insertion resistance is too high, do not forcefully insert it to prevent against distortion of the rubber ring.

(7) Insert the feeler gauge along the gap of the mouthing and check whether the rubber rings are installed normally along the pipe.

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(2) Connection method of adhesive connector (flat expansion socket)

Figure 8 Adhesive bonding

(1) Check the quality of the pipes, fittings and rubber ring and prepare the tools by the jobs according to the table 9.

Table 9 List of construction tools of jobs

Jobs Type of tool

Cutting pipe and slope Fine-toothed saw or pipe cutter, chamfering machine or middle-size flat file, multimeter and gauge

Clean working surface Cotton or dry cloth, acetone and cleaning agent

Bond Brush and adhesive

(2) When the bonded pipe is cut in operation, the insertion socket should be chamfered and is filed as the slope for connection. When the pipe is cut off, keep the break be level and perpendicular to the pipe axis. The finished slope should comply with the following requirements. Generally the slope length is not less than 3mm. The thickness of the slope is about 1/3-1/2 of the pipe wall thickness. The slope angle is 100-150. After the slope is filed, the residues should be cleaned.

(3) Before the pipes (fittings) are bonded, the acetone or dry cloth is used to clean the insertion area on the internal side of the mouthing and external side of the pipe end and keep the bonding surface be clean without dust or dirty water.

(4) Test pipe insertion of two pipes prior to bonding, make the insertion depth and fitting meet the requirements and scratch the insertion depth marking line on the insertion surface. The depth of the insertion mouthing of the pipe end should not be less than the values in the table 10. (When the pipes are connected by clay, generally the depth of the natural insertion mouthing should be 1/2-2/3 and the pipes should not be inserted till the bottom)

Table 10 Depth of pipe insertion mouthing

Nominal external diameter (mm)

Insertion mouthing depth of pipe end (mm)

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(5) To quickly coat the adhesive on the connection surface between the internal side and external side of the insertion socket by using a brush, first bond the mouthing and then bond the insertion socket in the axial direction by using proper dosage.

(6) After the mouthing is bonded with the adhesive, you should instantly insert the pipe end into the mouthing in the right direction, forcefully extrude it, make the insertion depth reach the marking line, guarantee correct perpendicularity and position of the insertion connector and keep the time regulated in the table 11 to avoid sliding connector. (For maintenance of insertion connector, see the attached table)

Table 11 Minimum holding time of adhesive bonding

Nominal external diameter (mm) 63- under 63 63-100

Holding time (s) >30 >60

Special tip--- standard adhesive coating actions and notices

The internal surface of the pipe expansion socket or pipe internal surface and external surface of the pipe chamfer should be coated equably with the adhesive under the ventilated condition where the glue is easy to evaporate. If the condition is not ideal, the fan is used for ventilation.

Notice:

The internal and external coating dosage can not be surplus to avoid influence on the glue evaporation and hardening, even it leads to softened damage to the pipe wall and reduce bearing pressure. For the thin pipe, the dosage should be controlled.

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(3) Connection method of flat flange

Figure 9 Flat flange connection

(1) Generally the flange connector is used for transition connection. The whole casting fittings of the flange pipe and short pipe (flange connector) or the assembled fittings of the separate flange and short pipe (flange flat bearing) (connector of moving flange) can be used for flange connection.

(2) The bonding pipes should be connected with the flange connector by using the bonding connector.

(3) The pipe should be connected with the flange connector according to bonding regulations.

(4) When the flange is connected by using bolts, you should point at the screw, pad the rubber cushion at the middle between the flange or pipe end. The bolts should be screwed up at the opposite angle.

(5) When PVC-U pipe is connected with the steel pipe and casting ironic pipe by using a flange, the position and diameter of the bolt holes of the flange must be consistent with them of the flange of the steel and casting ironic pipe.

(6) For the flange connection, the axial displacement is allowed at one end of the pipe.

(7) After the socket is inserted, you should wipe and clean the adhesive in time. After bonding, you can not instantly load the connector part in a forced manner. The placement solidification duration should not be less than the values in the table 12.

Table 12 Placement solidification duration (min)

Nominal external diameter (mm) Pipe surface temperature

40-700C 18-400C 5-180C

Under 63

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(4) Flange connection of elastic connector

(1) The elastic connector should be first connected with the metal flange.

(2) Pad the rubber cushion between the elastic connector flange and metal flange and lock it by using bolts at opposite angle.

(3) Finally insert all connection pipes into the elastic connector by the R expansion insertion mouthing method.

Figure 10 Flange connection of elastic connector

(5) Connection method of repair telescopic node with screw threads

a Connection method of telescopic nodes with screw threads

Figure 11 Connection of repair telescopic node with screw threads

(1) Close the upstream water valve, cut the water and check the damage range of the pipe.

(2) Remove the damaged PVC-U pipe.

(3) Cut the new PVC-U pipe of same length and connect them by using two telescopic connectors. The pipes are connected by using screw thread. The PVC raw materials are used as the sealing filling material.

b Connection of telescopic node with flange

Figure 12 Connection of telescopic node with flange

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(1) Close the upstream water valve to cut off water supply and check the damage scope of the pipe.

(2) Cut off the damaged PVC-U pipe.

(3) Cut the new PVC-U pipe of same length, connect them by using two flanges and one telescopic nodes and equably screw up the bolts in the diagonal direction.

(6) Connection method of PVC-U pipe and metal pipe

a Connect PVC-U pipe with the PVC flange connector;

b Pad the rubber cushion between the PVC flange and metal pipe flange, pad the rubber cushion and lock it in the opposite direction by using screws.

Figure 13 Connection of PVC-U pipe and metal pipes

(7) Screw thread connection of plastic pipes and metal pipe fittings

a If the plastic pipes and metal pipe fittings are connected by using the screw thread, generally the diameter of the pipe at the connection part is not over 63mm.

b If the plastic pipes and metal pipe fittings are connected by using the screw thread, the screw thread plastic pipes must be produced via plastic injection molding. The minimal wall thickness of the screw thread part of the pipes should not be less than the values in the table 13.

Table 13 Minimal wall thickness of plastic injection molding pipes (mm)

External diameter of plastic pipe

Thickness of screw thread part

c When the plastic injection molding screw thread pipes and metal pipe fittings are connected by using the screw threads, the plastic pipes should be used as the external screw thread and the metal pipe fittings should be used as the internal screw threads. If the plastic pipes are used as the internal screw threads, the plastic connection parts with the metal such as reinforced ring should be embedded outside the plastic injection molding screw thread or the copper-embedded products are used as the internal screw thread.

d When the plastic injection molding screw thread plastic pipes and metal pipe fittings are connected by using the screw thread, the raw PVC should be used as the sealing filling material. The thick white paint and flax silk should not be used.

(8) Installation of water saddle of PVC-U pipe for water supply

a Installation of continuous water saddle

(1) Dig the branch, clean the mud on the surface of the branch and wipe the pipe surface.

(2) Equably coat the adhesive on the branching part of the branch and internal edge of the water saddle, rotate it from front to back and from left to right and fix them by using screws.

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(3) Cut the external angle of the branch pipe and male pipe end to install, bond them with the mouthing of the water saddle body and connect the pipe to the users.

(4) After the adhesive is solidified (After bushing connection, the solidification duration should be over 1 hour), insert the hexagonal handle (L shape or T shape) into the hexagonal hole at the top of the driller, rotate it and make the driller move the drilling hole down. When the rotation torque of the driller reduces, it indicates that drilling is completed. to rotate back the driller up (not over the top plane), the flow will flow to the branch for bifurcation.

(5) Cover the sealing ring into the screw cap of the PVC water saddle and screw up it

(6) Dig the pipe groove to branch, back fill it with the small sand or soil (the pipe can not touch with the stones or other hard objects) and cover the old soil.

(7) If some water branches in the pipe groove during construction, other PVC-U pipes should be wiped cleanly.

Figure 14 Continuous water saddle

b Installation of discontinuous water saddle

(1) Dig the branch, clean the soil on the branching surface of the PVC-U pipe and wipe it cleanly. If some water branches inside the pipe groove, the water should be drawn out.

(2) Fix the water saddle (up and down part) on the PVC-U pipe by using screws and make the metal water saddle rubber closely touch the PVC-U pipe.

(3) Install the copper water branching bolt on the up part of the water saddle and drill above the bolts for bolt cap.

Figure 15 Continuous water saddle

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(4) After the driller is connected with the branching bolt, to rotate the handle of the driller, you can drill the PV-U pipe. After drilling, to reversely rotate the handle, the driller will move up.

(5) When the blade of the driller is over the branching bolt switch, you can take off the driller and drilling screw cap and cover the screw cap.

(6) Install the branching pipe to the users from the branching bolt. After one hour, to rotate the switch, the water will be supplied to users.

(9) Notice that rigid connector pipe is constructed in the are where the temperature changes much at day and night, some measures should be taken to prevent the stress generated by the temperature difference from damaging the pipe and connector. The adhesive connector should not be constructed under 50C. The rubber ring connector should not be constructed under -100C.

3 Laying of PVC-U pipe for water supply

(1) The pipes should be laid after the elevation of the groove bottom and quality of the pipe foundation pass inspection. Before the pipes are laid, appearance of the pipes, fittings and rubber rings should be checked again. When the pipes and fittings are defective, they can not be used.

(2) Generally the pipes are laid as follows: place the pipes into the groove, back fill the connector and back fill all parts After pressure test. When the conditions are not allowed and the pipe diameter is not bigger, connect two or three pipes on the groove and stably place them into the groove.

(3) When the hard PVC water supply pipes are laid in the groove, other materials are designed as the foundation, the pipe should be laid on the old soil without disturbance. After the pipes are installed, the padding blocks for paving the pipes should be removed in time.

(4) The pipes can not be laid on the frozen soil. You should prevent the groove bottom from freezing in pipe laying and pipe pressure test.

(5) When the pipes are hoisted and are placed into the groove, a reliable soft hoister should be used to reliably place the pipes into the groove and prevent the pipes from fiercely colliding with the internal side of the groove or groove bottom.

(6) When the flange connector valves and pipes are installed, the elastic connection should be used and some pipes should be reserved to prevent outward pull stress from affecting the piping system. The support should be installed under the valve which diameter is more than 100mm.

(7) The axial push should be computed by the pressure inside the pipe at the pipe three-way valve, four-way valve, bend, reducing pipe and valve. The thrust block, fixing support and sliding-stop support should be installed. The support should be close to the old soil and should not be installed on the loose soil. If the conditions are not allowed, some measures should be taken to stabilize the support. The plastic or rubber cushion should be installed between the support and pipes to prevent against damage to the pipes.

(8) Generally the support is designed as the concrete casting gravity structure. Its size and shape should be computed by the groove shape, soil and support strength. For the style of the thrust block at different parts of the piping system, refer to the groove shape, soil quality and support strength in the figure. For the style of the thrust block of the piping system, refer to the figure 16.

Figure 15 Style of thrust blocks at different parts of piping system

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The axial push of the pipe end and three-way valve is computed as follows:

In this equation:

Fwd----- designed internal pressure;

a---- designed rotary angle (degree)

The axial push of the pipe bending part is computed as follows:

(9) The pipes can be properly bent in laying. Bending pipes can be used, but the bending degree can not be too high. The curvature radius is not less than 300 times of the pipe diameter. The concrete or bricks with the fixed pipe arc should be casted to fix the support.

Figure 17 Schematic diagram of pipe bending

Table 14 Allowed bending radius and amplitude table of pipes (partial specification)

External diameter of pipe (mm) Allowed bending diameter (m) Allowed shift amplitude of 6m long pipe (m)

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(10) When the pipe slope is more than 1:6, the concrete slippery-prevention support should be casted to prevent the pipes from sliding.

(1) The slippage-prevention support foundation must be casted inside the old soil under the pipe foundation and the pipe anchor should be fixed on the slippage-prevention support.

(2) The width of the concrete slippage-prevention support can not be less than the external diameter of the pipe plus 300mm and the length is not less than 500mm. The width of the internal gear wall embedded into the old soil under the pipe soil arc foundation is not less than 300mm. The depth of the clay layer is not less than 300mm. The depth of the soil can not be less than 150mm in the rock.

(3) The slippage-prevention support and up pipes can be anchored by using the pipe hoop or be casted inside the slippage-prevention concrete. The pipe hoop must be fixed on the anchoring part inside the support. When the steel pipe hoop is used, it should be anti-septic.

Table 15 Slippage-prevention support gap

Pipe slope Pipe number

Each four pipes

Each three pipes

Each two pipes

Each one pipe

The schematic diagram of the slippage-prevention support is shown as follows for reference:

Figure 18 Hydrant foundation

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(11) The groove where the pipe is placed on the ground must meet the following requirements:

(1) The diameter of the pipe is less than 160mm;

(2) Elastic connection (After the adhesive pipe is placed into the groove, it must be solidified to guarantee no movement of adhesive part).

(3) Shallow groove

(4) Bending turn close to the pipe

(5) If the groove width can not meet the requirements due to special reason and the pipes can not be installed inside the groove.

(6) The installation straight pipe has no nodes.

(12) When the pipe installation and laying breaks, the pipe socket should be blocked by using wooden plug or other cover to prevent unexpected objects and animals from entering the pipes and blocking pipes or affecting sanitation inside the pipes.

(13) The well room and wall should be finished inside the PVC-U piping. The well bottom should be waterproof. The connection part between the well wall and pipe should be sealed to prevent the underground water from seeping into the well room.

(14) For long-distance water supply, the valve, hydrant, air drainage valve and mud drainage valve should be properly installed according to the design requirements, distance and terrain. They can not be supported by the pipes and the rigid support such as concrete and brick must be installed. The support should be enough large and stable and be fixed by using anchoring device.

(15) The steel pipes must be anti-septic (the plastic blasting is necessary). The zinc-plating bolts or stainless steel bolts can be used as the parts to unload (bolts) and is coated with the anti-septic grease and plastic film.

4 Repair of outdoor PVC-U pipe for water supply

(1) If the connector leaks water and the pipe cracks during pressure test and operation of PVC-U pipe for water supply, the reason is analyzed as follows:

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(1) The sealing ring of the connector part turns out or is not bonded well at the top

(2) The bolts are not tightened equably at the connection part of the flange and valve.

(3) The pipes crack due to transport or other reasons and crack is not discovered in construction.

(4) The air is not drained out completely inside the pipe and forms water hammer which leads to pipes or fittings explosion.

(2) The pipes leak water and can be repaired by replacing pipes, welding and bonding. The processing method is described as follows:

(1) The bonding connector leaks little water: the water leakage part is located in the up part of the pipe. First wipe the surface, drain the water inside the pipe to form the negative pressure, inject the adhesive into the gap at the seeping part and suck the adhesive into the gap to block leakage.

(2) Bond the leakage part of the flange, drain the water, remove the valve, wipe the connection part between the pipe insertion socket and the flange connector and coat by using adhesive.

(3) When the bonding connector does not leak much water, it can be repaired by welding, but the welding part should be cleaned and no water drops. The environmental temperature is not less than 50C in welding. The welding gun should continuously swing up and down to heat the welding wire and welding parts equably and melt the welding wire fully, but it should not burnt.

(4) When a small part of the pipe is damaged and cracks due to external force and the surrounding physical performance does not change, the pipe can be bonded (patch). The method is described as follows: drain the water inside the pipe, grind the surface of the damaged part on the pipe, cut one part of the pipe of same diameter, vertically cut it and select one half (the cut part should cover the damaged part of the pipe), clean and grind the internal side of the selected pipe, coat the adhesive on the surface of the damaged fittings and internal side of the selected repairing slice, cover the repairing pipe to the surface of the damaged part and press it and tighten it by using the clip or steel wire (two rounds).

(5) If the sealing cushion leaks water between the flange and valve, the pipes at two ends of the valve should be adjusted to the level line of the valve and the bolts are tightened symmetrically.

(6) If the rubber ring turns out or the pipe is damaged, to replace the pipes, this pipe should be sawn for replacement. The processing method is described as follows:

<1> Quick flange connection

Saw the pipe replacement part and reserve a slope at two ends.

Take four support tray connectors and one replacement pipe (the length depends on the replacement length. The slope is reserved at two ends)

Cover four support tray connectors into two ends of the replacement pipe and cut pipe and connect the replacement pipe covered by the support tray connector to the broken flange covered by the support tray connector.

<2> Connection of steel plastic quick connector

Saw the expansion socket head of the rubber ring with turned top or damaged pipe.

Cover a moving cover flange and a rubber ring at two ends of the broken pipe, lift one end of the broken pipe and cover the flange bushing.

Place the broken pipe flatly, push back the flange bushing, cover the bushing at two ends of the broken pipe at equable interval and tighten the moving flange and flange bushing by using bolts (the rubber ring is added between the moving flange and flange bushing for sealing).

<3> connect and replace pipes by using double mouthings

Cut off all damaged pipes, mark the marking line of the insertion length at the pipe connected with the double-mouthing connection part and remove the burr at the insertion socket end and reserve the slope.

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Identify the length of the replacement pipe, scratch the marking line of the insertion length on the replacement pipe and insert the replacement pipe into the end of the double mouthing connection part.

If the replacement pipe includes the mouthing, first cover the double mouthing connection part to the insertion socket of the replacement pipe, connect the mouthing of the replacement pipe to the repaired pipe, pull and cover the double mouthing connection part to the insertion socket of the repaired pipe and pull it along the marking line between the pipe and replacement pipe. If the replacement pipe includes double connectors, two connection parts with double mouthing should be used. After the connection part is pulled out, it should be covered at the marking line.

(3) Notices for welding and repairing

(1) Dry the welding part, clean the dust and oil pollution and other materials on the surface. The bonding connector can be welded and repaired After the adhesive is solidified for over 6h.

(2) For the slight seeping part, generally a welding bead should be welded. For the severe seeping part, generally 3-5 welding beads should be welded. For multi-layer welding, after cooling for a period, weld next layer. Keep proper temperature and pressure in welding. The temperature of the hot air should be 260-2900C. Over-heat will distort or carbonize the materials. Over pressure will lead to welding wire rupture after cooling.

(3) The welding bead should exceed the four edges of the repaired part by 9-13mm.

5 Back filling of outdoor PVC-U pipe for water supply

(1) After the pipe is installed and laid, it should be back filled as quickly as possible. The pipes should be back filled at the coldest time at night (to prevent the additional stress caused by temperature difference from damaging the pipe and connector). The back filled soil should not include gravel, freezing soil block and other objects.

(2) When the pipe passes through the worse area or the groove is not dug and the slope is not reserved enough, the soil will collapse. Too high burst load will distort the UPVC pipe. at this time, eliminate the over load caused by collapse. After the pipe recovers to old shape, back fill the pipe according to the requirements to prevent permanent pipe distortion from affecting normal operation and repairing in future.

(3) Generally the pipe groove is back filled by two steps:

(1) When paving the pipe, the sand or qualified old soil should be used to back fill two ribs of the pipe. The height for each back filling is 0.1m-0.15m. After manual tamping, back fill the second layer till the back filling height reaches 0.1m above the pipe top. The gap between the low fittings and pipe bottom must be filled tightly in back filling to prevent the cavity from leading to uneven force on the pipe and pipe distortion. It will damage the connector and lead to water leakage. Do not back fill within 0.2 m before and after the pipe connector and check whether the water leaks in pressure test.

(2)Prior to pressure test of the pipe, the thickness of the back filled soil is not less than 0.5m above the top of the pipe to prevent the piping system shift from leading to water leakage at the connector in the pressure test.

(3) After the test pressure is qualified, most pipes can be back filled when the pipes are full of the water. Back fill old soil and tamp the pipe 0.5 m above the pipe top. For mechanical back filling, the machine can not be driven on the pipe.

(4) Density requirement and regulations of back filled soil

///////////////////////26

Table 16 Density of back filled soil

Part inside groove Best density % Soil

Over-digging part Rough sand or scree (gravel)

Soil arc foundation Part under pipe bottom Rough sand

Crura angle of pipe

Both sides of pipe Sand or qualified old soil

0.3m above the pipe top Both sides of pipe Sand or qualified old soil

Up part of pipe

Part 0.3m higher over pipe top Comply with ground or road requirement, but it is not less than 80 Back fill by using old soil

Figure 34 Pipe back filling

6 Pressure test for outdoor PVC-U pipe for water supply

(1) If the water pressure of the hard PVC water supply pipe which diameter is more than 110mm and length is more than 50m should be tested (the air pressure should be tested where there is not water source) to check the pressure resistance strength hand airproof performance.

(2) The length of the pressure test section of the PVC-U water supply pipe depends on the actual condition. For the pipe without node connection, the length of the pressure test pipe should not be more than 1.5km. For the pipe with nodes, the length of the pressure test section should not be more than 1km.

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(3) To test the pipe pressure, the following work should be prepared:

(1) Carefully check the appearance of the additional buildings such as pipe, node, connector and support and back filling condition and check whether the pipe can normally discharge air and water by using the water level meter according to the design.

(2) Check the pressure test equipment, pressure meter, air discharge pipe and water supply pipe, guarantee airproof performance and functions of the pressure test system and carefully check the tightness of the supports at the pipe end blocking plate, bend and three-way valve.

(3) Set the blocking plate in case of pressure test at the hydrant, safety valve and automated air discharge valve on the pressure test pipe and block all sockets.

Special tips:

Prevent against the water hammer:

Reasons and prevention measures for water hammer:

A When the air is not discharged inside the pipe, it may lead to water hammer.

When the pipe line fluctuates, the higher pipe may accumulate air. After the air is pressurized, the volume will be compressed and the internal pressure will increase much. It will lead to the water hammer. The water hammer will generate instantaneous pressure on the pipe wall.

Prevention measures: the higher pipe will be installed with the “automated air discharge valve” above which the floating ball is located. When the pipe is not full of water or there is no water, the floating ball will automatically drop. The air can be discharged via this hole. When the pipe includes some water, this floating ball will float. When the pipe is full of water, the floating ball will float to block the above round hole. The above-mentioned function can discharge the air in the higher pipe to prevent against water hammer.

B When the fitting pipe is prepared to supply water, If the water preparation valve is opened too quickly or largely, the air can not be discharged in time. a large number of air will be left inside the pipe. With impact of the over-strong water flow, it will generate water hammer.

Prevention measures: all air discharge vales are opened to discharge the air. When the water is supplied, the water preparation valve can not be opened too quickly or largely. It is opened properly to smoothly discharge the air. When the air discharge valve (air discharge valve is installed additionally. No automated air discharge valve is installed) discharges some water, it indicates that the pipe is full of water and the valve can be closed.

Based on the above description of the water hammer prevention measures, the air inside the pipe should be completely discharged. When the water is supplied, the water preparation valve should not be opened too largely and quickly.

(4) The water pressure test of the pipe should comply with the following regulations:

(1) Slowly inject water into the pressure test pip and discharge the air inside the pipe. After the pipe is full of water, it should be kept for at least 12h under no pressure.

(2) For airproof test of the pipe, pressurize the water inside the pipe till 0.35Mpa and keep it for 2h. Check whether different parts leak water or other exceptions. To keep the pressure inside the pipe, supply water into the pipe.

(3) After the airproof test is qualified, perform the strength test. The test pressure inside the pipe should not be over 1.5 time of designed operation pressure and should not be less than 0.5Mpa. Keep the test pressure for 2h or meet the special design requirements. When the pressure reduces to 0.02Mpa, supply water into the pipe. To keep the pressure inside the pipe, the supplementary water is equal to leaked water. Determine the strength test results by exception and leaked water.

///////////////////////////////////28

(4) After test, discharge the water inside the pipe.

(5) The water pressure test should meet the following regulations:

(1) Airproof test: If no water leaks in 2h during the airproof test, the test is qualified.

(2) Strength test: for strength test, If the leaked water is not over allowed value in the table 17, the test pipe can bear the strength test.

Table 17 Allowed leaked water for one km reducing pipe

Pipe external diameter (mm) Allowed leaked water of one km pipe (L/min)

Bonding connection Rubber ring connection

(6) The following regulations should be complied with in pressure test:

(1) The pressure of the adhesive connection pipes can be tested 48 h After installation.

(2) The strength pressure of the pipe can be tested after the groove is back filled to at least 0.5m above the pipe top After at least 48 hours to prevent against piping system shift in pressure test.

(3) The three-way valve, bend and especially the blocking support of the pipe end) should be enough stable one the pressure test pipe. The concrete thrust block is used, full solidification duration should be enough prior to the test to reach the rated pressure resistance strength.

(4) inject water into the pipe slowly to discharge the air inside the pipe and prevent against the air hammer or water hammer in pressure test.

(7) After the pressure test is qualified, you should instantly remove the blocking plates at the valve, hydrant and safety valve and restore their functions.

//////////////////////////////////29

IV Construction specification for PVC-U pipe for water supply of building engineering

1 When the temperature difference of the construction filed and storage site of the pipe and pipe parts is bigger, the pipes and fittings should be stored for a period at the field prior to installation to make their temperature approach to the environmental temperature of the construction field.

2 Before the piping system is installed, carefully check the appearance of the pipes and fittings and tolerance of connector fitting, clean the pollutants and oil outside and inside the pipes and fittings and keep them be dry.

3 After the piping system installation breaks or is completed, the socket should be blocked.

4 The hole groove should be reserved for earthwork When the pipe is drilled through the wall and floor plate and is laid inside the wall. When the design size is not regulated, the following regulations should be complied with:

(1) The diameter of the reserved hole should be 50-100mm bigger than it of the external diameter of the pipe.

(2) The width of the wall groove of the pipe embedded inside the wall should be d+60mm and the depth should be d+30mm.

(3) The net space above the top of the overhead pipe should not be less than 100mm.

5 When the pipe drills through the basement or external side of underground building and pool and water tank, without design requirement, the strict waterproof measures such as rigid or elastic waterproof bushing should be used.

6 The pipes are bonded by using the adhesive. The pipes are connected with the metal pipe fittings such as valve, water meter and tap by using the dedicated fitting screw thread or flange.

7 The pipes should be bonded tightly. The connection part should be airproof without a hole gap. The screw thread fittings should be clean and be tightened by using the screws. 2-3 screw threads are reserved.

8 The horizontal pipe of the piping system should have 2%0-5%0 slope to water leakage device.

9 When the piping system passes through the distorted seam, the corresponding technical measures should be taken. Without design regulation, the flexible rubber connector or metal ripple pipe fittings can be used.

10 The airproof technical measures should be take to prevent against fire penetration for the surface pipe inside the high-floor building according to the design requirements.

11 The water supply pipe should keep away from the heat source. The net distance from the vertical pipe to home kitchen device should not be less than 400mm. The external side temperature of the pipe should not be over 400C due to heat source radiation.

12 The hidden water supply pipe should be marked with the position and laying direction on the wall or ground. it is forbidden to impact or nail the sharp objects such as the metal nails on the pipe.

13 When the length of the pipe line of the industry building and public building is more than 20m. Some measures should be taken to compensate the pipe expansion socket and shrinkage according to the design requirements.

14 Pipe fitting and bonding construction

(1) The fitting and bonding of the piping system should comply with the following operation processes:

1 Lay the pipe by the coordinate and elevation in the drawing and draw the actual measurement sample drawing.

2 Configure the pipe by the actual measurement sample drawing and pre-assemble it.

////////////////////////////30

3 Bond the pipes.

4 Maintain the connectors

(2) The fitting pipes should comply with the following operation process regulations:

1 Select the small gear saw, cutter or dedicated cutting tools as the cutting tool.

2 The break should be level and be perpendicular to the pipe axis.

3 remove the burr and rough edge at the break and chamfer. The slope of chamfer should be 100C-150C. The length of the chamfer should be 2.5-3.0mm.

4 For pipe fitting, inspect the fitting of the insertion socket and test insertion for the support insertion socket. The depth of natural test insertion should be 1/2-2/3 of the mouthing depth (see the table 18) and the depth should be marked.

Table 18 Mouthing dimension of pipes and fittings

SN Nominal external diameter of pipe (mm) Mouthing depth of pipe end (mm)

(3) To bond the pipes, the following items should be noticed:

1The pipe should not be bonded where the temperature is high. The operation site should keep away from the fire source to prevent against impact and direct sunshine.

2 The natural mane brush or nylon brush should be used as the coating adhesive and the mouthing should be cleaned by using the clean cloth.

3 Before the adhesive is coated, first clean the bonding surface at the mouthing by using a dry cloth. If the coasting surface includes some oil pollution, the cloth dipped with the cleaning agent can be used to clean it. The bonding surface should be free of dust, water trace and oil pollution.

4 When coating the adhesive, first coat the mouthing. Coat the mouthing from inward to outward. The adhesive should be equably coasted. For general dosage of the adhesive, see the table 19.

/////////////////////31

Table 19 General dosage of adhesive

SN Nominal external diameter of pipe (mm) Adhesive dosage (g/connector)

5 After coating the adhesive, bond the pipes within 20s. If the adhesive dries up in operation, clean the dried adhesive and coat it again.

6 When bonding the pipe, slightly insert the insertion mouth into the mouthing and quickly align the axis line. The insertion depth should be over the mark. For the size of the mouthing for direct pipe insertion, see the table 18. Slightly rotate the pipe in insertion, but rotated round is not over 1/4 and it is not allowed to insert to the bottom and rotate.

7 After bonding, you should quickly the surplus adhesive at the connector quickly.

(4) The bonded connector should not bear any force. It should be placed for solidification for a period. After the connector is bonded tightly, installation will continue. For the placement and solidification duration, see the table 20.

Table 20 Placement and solidification duration (Min)

Environmental temperature 00C

Solidification duration

(5) If the connector is bonded under the zero degree, the adhesive should not freeze and the adhesive can not be heated by using the heating devices such as a fire or electric furnace.

///////////////////////////////////////32

15 Installation of pipes, metal pipe fittings and instrument

(1) Generally the pipes, metal fittings and instrument are connected by using the screw threads and the dedicated plastic injection molding fittings such as bend and three-way valves should be used.

(2) When the dedicated plastic injection molding fittings are connected with the metal fittings and instrument by using bolts. The raw PVC should be used as the sealing filling materials.

16 Installation of pipe supports

(1) The pipe support should be installed accurately. The laying should be level and tight. The pipe clips should closely touch the pipe, but it should not damage the pipe surface.

(2) The surface pipes should be laid by using the pipe clips which are made of the hard PVC. The metal pipe clips should be used for the metal fittings and instrument. Two or more support parts can be equably installed.

(3) The pipe clip should be installed at one end of the metal fittings and instrument or should approach to metal fittings and instrument as closely as possible at the metal fittings, instrument and pipe connection part.

(4) The maximum gap of the support part of the vertical pipe and horizontal pipe can not be over values in the table 21.

Table 21 Maximum support part gap of hard PVC water supply pipe (mm)

External diameter

Horizontal pipe

Vertical pipe

17 Installation of floor water supply pipe

(1) Generally the indoor water supply pipe is laid on the surface and under the surface.

(2) The indoor surface water supply pipes should be installed after the civil work is finished. The indoor hidden water supply pipes should be installed before the civil work is finished. Check whether the position of the reserved hole is correct prior to installation.

(3) After the pipes which drill through the floor and roof are installed, first support the mold, fix the holes and tamp it two times by using the waterproof fine aggregate concrete which mark number is not less than it of the floor and roof and maintain it for 24 hours. After the surface construction, finish the water-retarding ring which is 20mm above the ground and roof and is 30mm wide around the water pipe by using 1:2 cement slurry or other measures are taken.

(4) When the pipes are parallel to other metal pipes, certain protection distance should be reserved. Without design regulation, the net distance is not less than 100mm and the PVC pipe should be located inside the metal pipes.

(5) For indoor hidden pipes, the wall groove should be filled by using 1:2 cement slurry. The distance from the external pipe wall to the decoration surface is not less than 30mm.

(6) Reliable fixing measures should be taken at the pipe water distribution point and force-withstanding turn point.

//////////////////////33

(7) The support should be installed at the bottom of the vertical water supply pipe.

18 Installation of underground water supply pipe

(1) The pipes which are laid within 0.00 under the indoor floor should be laid by two sections, first lay the pipe from 0.00 under the indoor floor to the foundation external side. After civil work is completed, the outdoor connection pipes are laid.

(2) The pipes under the indoor floor should be laid after the back filled soil of the work is tamped and the soil is dug. It is forbidden to lay the pipes prior to back filling or in the non-tamped soil.

(3) The bottom of the groove which lays the pipe should keep level and be free of the protrusive hard and sharp objects. The diameter of the soil particles should not be over 12mm. If necessary, 100mm padding sand layer can be laid.

(4) When the underground pipe groove is back filled, no sharp and hard objects around the pipe directly touch with the pipe wall. First back fill the sand or soil which particle diameter is not over 12mm to 300mm point above the pipe top. After tamping soil, back fill the old soil. The laying depth of the indoor underground pipe should not be less than 300mm.

(5) 100mm protection pipe should be installed at the ground exit of the outdoor underground pipe and is made of the metal.

(6) When the pipe drills through the foundation ground, a bushing should drill through the wall. The net space should be reserved above the bushing and reserved hole of foundation ground. without design requirement, the height is not less than 100mm.

(7) When the pipe drills through the street road and the thickness of the covered soil is less than 700mm, without design requirements, the metal bushing should be used or other valid protection measures should be taken.

19 The water pressure test of the piping system should comply with the following regulations:

(1) The test pressure should be 1.5 time of the operation pressure of the piping system, but it should not be less than 0.6Mpa.

(2) For the bonding pipe, the water pressure should be tested 24 hours after bonding.

(3) Prior to the water pressure test, effective fixing and protection measures should be taken for the pressure test pipe, but the connector part must be exposed.

(4) Water pressure test steps:

1 Block the end of the pressure test pipe, slowly inject water and discharge the air inside the pipe.

2 After the pipe is full of water, check airproof performance.

3 Slowly increase pressure by using the manual pressure test pump within at least 10 min.

4 After the pressure increases to the regulated test pressure, stop increasing pressure, keep stable pressure for 1 hour and check whether the connector leaks water.

5 After the pressure is stable for 1 hour, if the pressure decreases, compensate the pressure to the regulated test pressure. If the increased pressure is not over 0.05Mpa in 15 min, the test is qualified.

(5) Before the hiding work is covered, first test the water pressure. After the piping system is completed, the strict water pressure test and water supply capability inspection must be performed. When the temperature is under 00C, reliable freezing-prevention measures should be taken for the water pressure test and water supply capability inspection.

(6) The following items must be checked by self in the pipe engineering construction:

(1) The size of the actual measurement big sample drawing of the pipe must comply with the design requirements:

/////////////////////////////////34

(2) The vertical pipe should be perpendicular. The slope of the horizontal pipe should meet the design requirements. It is not allowed to lay half pipe above the ground and under the ground. When the pipes are installed on the surface, the pipes and fittings should not be polluted.

(3) The support position should be correct and tight.

(4) The pipe insertion connector should be bonded tightly.

(5) When the pipe drills through the holes on the floor and roof, the holes should be densely tamped in the civil work. The water-retarding ring (its width is not less than 30mm) should be at least 20mm above the ground and roof around the vertical pipe. The water seeping and leakage is forbidden at the connection part.

The schematic diagram of the hard PVC piping system nodes for the building water supply is shown as follows for reference.

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