The Video Monitoring Comparison between Optical Fiber Transmission and Wireless Transmission
Video monitoring system is composed of high-definition network camera, transport network, and storage management system platform etc. and transport system mainly includes two solutions: optical fiber transmission and wireless transmission. The 2G & 3G wireless communication techniques have already unsatisfied the requirements of broadband and instantaneity due to the extensive application of high-definition network camera. This text presents an analysis to the investment estimation of optical fiber transmission and 4 G technology & microwave to 1000 cameras for Cameroon, 460 monitoring points for Yaoundé and 168 monitoring points for Douala.
 

1       Optical Fiber Transmission

1.1              Scenario

Metropolitan area optical transmission network generally consists of access layer, distribution layer, and core layer, and the network structure is illustrated by following chart:

(該藍(lán)色字體是上圖中出現(xiàn)的漢字對(duì)應(yīng)的翻譯)
(Monitoring center, A control room, B control room
Core layer, 2~8 core nodes, N*10GE networking, core ring
Convergent layer, 20~300 convergent nodes, 10GE networking, convergent ring, convergent ring,
Access layer, access ring, access ring, access ring, 1K~6K access nodes, GE networking)
 
Video surveillance cameras is connected to its closest access ring by means of fiber-optic link, and its surveillance video will reach the video monitoring center by passing access layer, distribution layer and core layer. The equipment adopted in core convergent node is a router supporting IP/, PLS, and the device used in access node is router or three layer switches.
The laying of optical-fiber contains three methods:
1.        Aerial optical cable
Aerial optical cable refers to the cable hanged in pole. This laying method takes advantage of the original open-wire pole in order to save construction cost and shorten construction cycle. But the cable hanged in pole is requested to adapt various natural environments.
Aerial optical cable first is prone to the threats of typhoon, ice and flood etc. and second to the influence of external forces and weakening mechanical strength, therefore, the failure rate of aerial optical cable is much higher than direct burial and pipeline fiber-cable. Generally, aerial optical cable applies to optical cable line in private network or some special section for secondary or under second centre circuit.
2.        Direct burial fiber cable
This direct burial fiber cable has an external armor like steel belt or steel wire, and is requested to have the functions of resistance to external mechanical damage and soil erosion protection. Besides it requests to use different cables with different shield layer structures, for instance, we need to select the cable with anti-rat shield layer. According to the different soil texture and environment, the fiber cable should be buried 0.8~1.2 m deep.
But this method is not so reliable because of the frequent stoppage caused by deliberate break or other reasons, and it is hard to find the fault location, so this method is not recommended.
3.        Duct optical cable
Generally, the pipe laying is adopted in urban area where a good environment is provided, therefore, there is no special requirement to the shield layer of cable, and the armor is not necessary.
It is a must to measure the laying length and the location of connection point before the pipe is laid. Machine or manpower drag is a good option, but the pulling force should not exceed the maximum allowable tension. We could use concrete, asbestos cement, steel tube and plastic tube etc. as the pipe materials.
Duct optical cable is a commonly used method in city, and usually is laid along with the streets. And aerial optical cable is generally used in open prairie.

1.2     Investment estimation

Suppose that the distance is 2m between cameras and node in access layer, and 10 videos are connected in each access node, then Yaoundé needs 46 access nodes, while, Douala needs 17 access nodes.
Suppose that 10 access nodes incorporate an access ring, Yaoundé needs 5 access rings, while, Douala needs 2 access rings.
According to the data size of high-definition video, the flow rate of a access ring could reach 300~400 Mbps, and one 10 G convergent ring could gather the flow of 4~5 access rings, therefore, Yaoundé needs one convergent ring, while Douala needs one convergent ring. In this design scheme, this one convergent ring and core network could be united into one, and a core ring is needed when access nodes and data size increase in the future.
According to the area of Yaoundé and Douala, suppose the radius of each looped network is 3km, the length of fiber cable should be:
1000×2 + 7×2×∏×3 ≈ 2132 km
The expenses of three laying methods of optical fiber are illustrated as below:

System of laying		Aerial optical cable	Direct burial fiber cable	Duct optical cable
The expense of optical fiber laying	Optical fiber length(km)	2132	2132	2132
	Unit price for optical fiber(thousand RMB /km)	19	19	10
	Unit price for optical fiber laying(thousand RMB/km)	39	65	300
	Total expense of optical fiber construction (thousand RMB)	123,656	179,088	660,920
The expense of transmission equipment	Quantity of transmission equipment (pc)	565	565	565
	Unit price for transmission equipment (thousand RMB/pc)	100	100	100
	Quantity of access device (pc)	63	63	63
	Unite price for access device (thousand RMB)	260	260	260
	Quantity of Convergence devices (pc)	18	18	18
	Unit price for convergence devices (thousand RMB)	450	450	450
	Total expense of transmission equipment (thousand RMB)	80,980	80,980	80,980
The expense of computer room construction	Base Transceiver Station (pc)	6,280	6,280	6,280
	Unit price for Base Transceiver Station（equipment cabinet+ Battery +Power）(Thousand RMB)	120	120	120
	installation and trial run fee for Base Transceiver Station(Thousand RMB)	30	30	30
	Construction cost for Base Transceiver Station(Thousand RMB)	94,200	94,200	94,200
Total(thousand RMB)		298836	354268	836100
Administrative fee (thousand RMB)(rating 2%)		5,976.72	7,085.36	16,722
Total(thousand RMB)		304,812.72	361,353.36	852,822

2       Wireless Transmission

2.1     Scenario

Wireless mobile transmission adopts the fourth generation wireless mobile communication technology called TD-LTE, it not only can transport video surveillance signal, but also can be used as a transmission path for other data in internet, and even it can start video cluster communication after dispatcher control center located.
TD-LTE mobile communication system is composed of user equipment, access network, core network and network management center (As shown in below figure), video surveillance signal in various monitory points is transported into eNodeB by through the terminal of TD-LTE, and then eNodeB transports these video surveillance signals within its jurisdiction into core network by through microwave.
 

2.2     Investment Estimation

Wireless transmission network adopts the frequency range of 1447-1467MHz with its corresponding bandwidth is 20MHz. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of spectrum and overall network capacity. Because the high-definition video needs 2 Mbps transmission bandwidth at least, in order to satisfy this requirement, the peripheral speed in community should be 2 Mbps when calculating the wireless link budget.
According to the network planning, Yaoundé needs 200 base stations, while, Douala needs 88 base stations.
The expending of wireless transmission in these two cities is illustrated in below chart:

Serial number	·         Device	Unit	Quantity	Unit Price (Thousand RMB)	SUM (Thousand RMB)	Remark
TD-LTE Device configuration list
1	core network	Set	2	8,000	16,000
2	Network Pipe	Set	2	1,000	2,000
3	Base Station	Set	288	4,770	137,376
4	CPE	Set	1000	7	7,000
5	The location service fee		288	10	2,880
6	Planning and Survey		288	35	10,080
7	Engineering materials cost	Set	288	60	17,280
8	Power structure	Set	210	320	6,720
9	air-condition	Set	210	6	1,260
10	Integrated cabinet	Set	78	38	2,964
11	Turnkey inspection service fee		288	22	6,336
12	Network optimization service fee		288	10	2,880
subtotal 1					212,776
IP Microwave Transport Equipment
1	Network pipe	Set	2	500	1,000
2	Convergence layer device	Pair	49	490	24,010
3	Access layer device	Pair	288	100	28,800
4	Cable	Set	674	10	6,740
5	Accessories	Set	674	5	3,370
Equipment Sum					63,920
Installation and commissioning charges					1278.4	Rating 20%
Subtotal 2					7670.4
Dynamic environment monitoring system
1	From the side of core network	Set	2	2,200	4,400
2	From the side of base station	Set	288	18	5,184
Subtotal 3					9,584
Total					299,064
Administrative fee					5,981.28	Rating 2%
Total					305,045.28
Remark： 1 Excluded the infrastructure fee including derrick, support, and iron tower; 2 Excluded the site rental expense, infrastructure environment fee for core computer room and base station room, traffic expense and dynamic environment system mounting cost.

3       Scheme Comparison

3.1              Function Comparison

The function comparison between optical fiber transmission and wireless transmission：

System Name	Transmission Bandwidth	Real-time	Installation	Operational flexibility	Dilatation	Mobile video surveillance	Trunking communication
Wireless transmission	Ensure	Ensure	Short construction period, less influence to surroundings	Freely change monitory points in the area without signal	No need to add transmission device	Support	Support
Optical fiber transmission	Ensure	Ensure	Long construction period, more influence to surroundings	Mal, need to rearrange wires if monitory point changes	Need to add transmission device	Nonsupport	Nonsupport

 
From above table, we concludes that 4 G wireless transmission has advantages in the fields of transmission bandwidth, real-time, easy installation, flexibility in use, dilatation etc. therefore, 4 G wireless transmission is our best choice from the angle of functional completeness.  

3.2               Investment Estimation Comparison

Investment estimation is given in the following table:

	Wireless transmission	Aerial optical cable	Direct burial fiber cable	Duct optical cable
investment estimation（Thousand RMB）	305,045.28	304,812.72	361,353.36	852,822

From above table, we draw conclusion that the investment expending for both wireless transmission and aerial optical cable lying schemes are least, and duct optical cable lying spends the most, and followed by direct burial fiber cable lying. Therefore, we select wireless transmission and aerial optical cable schemes from the angle of construction cost.

3.3     Conclusion

From above analysis, we make conclusion that the expending of wireless transmission and aerial optical cable lying is nearly the same, but the construction period of wireless transmission is less than aerial optical cable, and less impact on environment caused as well. In addition, the functions provided by wireless transmission are far more than optical fiber transmission; that is why choose wireless transmission.
111 監(jiān)控中心將部署一套完整的組合大屏幕投影顯示系統(tǒng)，用于顯示監(jiān)控中心業(yè)務(wù)所需的所有視頻、數(shù)據(jù)、信息等，這樣監(jiān)控中心都能夠進(jìn)行對(duì)各重點(diǎn)區(qū)域的實(shí)時(shí)查詢、調(diào)看、處理。本方案采用LCD液晶拼接顯示屏。所采用的液晶屏是DID液晶顯示屏，它是當(dāng)今世界上最新技術(shù)的液晶顯示屏，是專用的監(jiān)控用、拼接類液晶顯示屏。拼接顯示系統(tǒng)采用自主研發(fā)的信號(hào)處理系統(tǒng)，解決了不同種類信號(hào)間切換、傳輸、顯示等一系列技術(shù)難題，信號(hào)接口數(shù)量可根據(jù)用戶的信號(hào)容量自由增減，PCI插卡式系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)，可以方便的增加各種擴(kuò)展插件、以增加系統(tǒng)的控制處理功能，實(shí)現(xiàn)了整套系統(tǒng)功能強(qiáng)大、擴(kuò)展性強(qiáng)、操作簡(jiǎn)單的新一代液晶拼接顯示系統(tǒng)。通過(guò)該大屏幕顯示系統(tǒng)，可以在國(guó)家安全部門(mén)監(jiān)控中心的顯示大屏上實(shí)現(xiàn)本地及遠(yuǎn)程視頻監(jiān)控信號(hào)、GPS/GIS系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)等大量的重要信息共平臺(tái)實(shí)時(shí)顯示和共享，為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的指揮決策和對(duì)突發(fā)事件的快速處理提供重要的輔助手段。
111 Monitoring center will deploy a complete set of big screens projection display system in order to display and monitor all video, data and information in monitoring center, which ensures that monitoring center is able have a real-time remote inquiry, investigate and handle to all key areas. The LCD adopted in this scheme is DID LCD which is the latest splicing LCD in the world, and specialized used in supervisory controlling. Splicing LCD adopts independent researched and developed signal handling equipment which solved a series of technological problems including changing-over, transmission and display in various signals, besides, the quantity of signal interface can be freely increased or decreased based on the user’s signal capacity; and the PCI plug-in system architecture can improve the function of system control treatment by through increasing various extension plug-in module, which realize the a complete set of powerful system function, strong expansibility and easy operation of a new generation of LCD. From this large screen display system, the monitoring center of national security can realize the real-time display and sharing for local and remote video monitoring signal and important information, such as: system data in GPS/GIS in the same platform, which provide an important supplementary means for leaders to make decision or give a quick response to all emergencies.

1 移動(dòng)視頻監(jiān)控功能

通過(guò)在巡邏車(chē)或重點(diǎn)監(jiān)控車(chē)上加裝CPE，在高速移動(dòng)過(guò)程中，可以將攝像機(jī)拍攝的高清影像，實(shí)時(shí)傳送到指揮中心。在突發(fā)事件現(xiàn)場(chǎng)快速部署多路視頻監(jiān)控點(diǎn)，監(jiān)控點(diǎn)位置選擇更加靈活，實(shí)現(xiàn)可視化指揮語(yǔ)音、視頻、數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)一指揮調(diào)度，提高警隊(duì)協(xié)同作戰(zhàn)效率，提高對(duì)緊急事件的應(yīng)對(duì)能力。該功能可應(yīng)用于公安巡邏、危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)物品運(yùn)輸監(jiān)控、公交監(jiān)控、突發(fā)事件處置等領(lǐng)域。

1 Mobile video monitoring function

CPE installed in cruisers or key monitored cars can transport a real-time high-definition video shoot by camera in the environment of high speed motion to controlling center. To arrange more flexible Video monitoring points in emergency scene can realize visualized voice command, and a unified visual and data command and dispatch in order to enhance cooperative combat efficiency of police force and improve coping capacity to emergency. This function could be used in the fields of public security patrol, monitoring on dangerous chemicals transport and emergency response treatment etc.  

2 多媒體集群通信功能

系統(tǒng)提供一按就通、一呼百應(yīng)的多媒體指揮調(diào)度業(yè)務(wù)。不僅傳遞語(yǔ)音信息，更可傳遞包括語(yǔ)音、圖片、圖像、文本數(shù)據(jù)于一體的多媒體信息，有利于指揮中心及時(shí)、正確的了解現(xiàn)場(chǎng)信息。系統(tǒng)提供全呼(系統(tǒng)呼叫 )、廣播、優(yōu)先級(jí)呼叫、緊急呼叫、監(jiān)聽(tīng)、包容呼叫、遲后進(jìn)入、呼入呼出限制、系統(tǒng)錄音等調(diào)度業(yè)務(wù)。
可廣泛應(yīng)用于需要團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作的場(chǎng)合，如公安行動(dòng)配合、機(jī)場(chǎng)地勤作業(yè)、港口裝卸運(yùn)載作業(yè)等。

2 Multimedia cluster communication function

This system provides a quick-response multi-media command and dispatch business, and it not only transfers voice massage, but multi-media information integrating voice, pictures, image and text, which assists command center in collecting information and understand the scene. The system offers full-call (system call), broadcasting, and call with priority, emergency call, monitoring, pardon call, last-in-first-out call, inbound and outbound limitation, system recording etc.
This system could be used for the scene requesting team work, such as: public security action cooperation, airport ground operation, loading and unloading of transport operation in port etc.

EPC設(shè)備

EPC Equipment

支持基站數(shù)（個(gè)）	同時(shí)在線終端數(shù)（個(gè)）	同時(shí)激活業(yè)務(wù)終端數(shù)（個(gè)）	MTBF（萬(wàn)小時(shí)）	機(jī)架尺寸（mm）	供電方式	工作溫度	工作濕度
500	210000	21000	20	443(W)×220(H) ×800(D)	直流-48V	15ºC～30ºC	40%～65%

 
 

Support Station （set）	Online terminal number （set）	Activation service terminal number （set）	MTBF（Thousand Hrs）	frame size （mm）	power supply mode	operating temperature	operating humidity
500	210000	21000	20	443(W)×220(H) ×800(D)	DC-48V	15ºC～30ºC	40%～65%

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