3月10日，埃塞俄比亞航空公司ET302航班在起飛后不久墜毀。包括機(jī)組人員在內(nèi)的157人，無(wú)一生還，其中包括8名中國(guó)公民（5男3女），4人為中國(guó)公司員工，2人為聯(lián)合國(guó)系統(tǒng)國(guó)際職員（含1名香港居民），另2人分別來(lái)自遼寧和浙江。

Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 went down minutes after takeoff on Sunday from Addis Ababa, killing all 157 people on board.

China's Foreign Ministry confirmed Sunday that eight Chinese nationals, including one from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, were on board the ill-fated plane.

Of the Chinese passengers, five were male and three female. Most of them were under 40. According to the Chinese Embassy in Ethiopia, four of the Chinese victims were employees of Chinese companies, two worked for the United Nations and two were from Liaoning and Zhejiang provinces on personal trips.

關(guān)于此次墜機(jī)事故，BBC總結(jié)了以下幾點(diǎn)：

3月10日，埃航班機(jī)ET302由亞的斯亞貝巴飛往內(nèi)羅畢，起飛后不久墜毀，無(wú)人生還。

An Ethiopian Airlines jet bound for Kenya's capital, Nairobi, crashed shortly after take-off from Addis Ababa, killing all on board.

該客機(jī)于當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間8時(shí)38分從亞的斯亞貝巴起飛，隨后于上午8點(diǎn)44分墜機(jī)。

The crash happened at 08:44 local time, six minutes after the months-old Boeing 737 Max-8 took off.

 

△失事客機(jī)飛行路線圖/圖片來(lái)自flightradar24網(wǎng)站

飛機(jī)上149名乘客和8名機(jī)組人員不幸遇難。

The airline said 149 passengers and eight crew members were on flight ET302.

遇難者來(lái)自30多個(gè)不同國(guó)家。

The victims are from more than 30 countries.

失事的波音737 Max 8客機(jī)于去年11月15日交付塞俄比亞航空。

The Boeing Max-8 aircraft was delivered to Ethiopian Airlines on 15 November last year.

目前事故發(fā)生原因尚未明確。但機(jī)長(zhǎng)曾報(bào)告困難并申請(qǐng)返航。（根據(jù)空中交通管制員的記錄，他獲準(zhǔn)返回。只是，還沒(méi)來(lái)得及返航 ，悲劇就發(fā)生了，該飛機(jī)機(jī)頭朝下插進(jìn)入地面墜毀。）

The cause of the disaster is not yet clear. However, the pilot had reported difficulties and had asked to return to the airport.

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)目擊者在接受BBC采訪時(shí)表示，飛機(jī)撞擊地面后燃起熊熊大火。

An eyewitness at the scene told the BBC there was an intense fire as the aircraft hit the ground.

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)畫面顯示，在客機(jī)墜毀現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，飛機(jī)的碎片四處散落。

圖片來(lái)源：AP

圖片來(lái)源：路透社 Tiksa Negeri

半年內(nèi)兩起墜機(jī) 737 Max 8安全性受質(zhì)疑

據(jù)悉，此次空難是波音737 Max 8機(jī)型在5個(gè)月內(nèi)第二次墜毀。去年10月29日早上，印度尼西亞獅子航空一架波音737 Max 8客機(jī)在雅加達(dá)起飛不久后墜毀在爪哇海，機(jī)上189名乘客和機(jī)組人員全部遇難。盡管埃塞航在關(guān)于ET302航班失事的聲明中稱，還無(wú)法猜測(cè)事故發(fā)生的原因，但相同機(jī)型在短時(shí)間內(nèi)接連墜毀，讓不少分析人士開(kāi)始對(duì)737 Max 8這款機(jī)型的安全性表示質(zhì)疑。

Last October, a 737 Max 8 flown by Indonesian budget carrier Lion Air crashed 13 minutes after takeoff, killing all 189 passengers and crew members on board. So what are the similarities between the two accidents and is there a common link?

據(jù)《環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，737 Max系列是波音公司推出的中短程窄體客機(jī)737的最新一代，包括737 Max 7、737 Max 8、737 Max 9以及737 Max 10。其中，737 Max 8于2016年首飛，2017年5月正式交付馬印航空開(kāi)始其商業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)。據(jù)公開(kāi)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，737 Max 8是波音公司目前最受歡迎的機(jī)型之一，已經(jīng)向多家航空公司交付200余架，包括國(guó)航、東航等中國(guó)主要航空公司也均在運(yùn)營(yíng)該機(jī)型。根據(jù)埃塞航公布的消息，失事的波音737 Max 8客機(jī)于去年11月15日交付，飛行時(shí)間為1000小時(shí)左右。

在3月11日的全國(guó)政協(xié)十三屆二次會(huì)議小組討論上，全國(guó)政協(xié)委員、中國(guó)民航局副局長(zhǎng)李健表示：“波音737-8機(jī)型出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題目前只有在自動(dòng)駕駛狀態(tài)可以解決，人工駕駛狀態(tài)則來(lái)不及，再接自動(dòng)駕駛也接不上。技術(shù)上有一些辦法，但不能根本解決。”

同時(shí)，他也提到了這款波音飛機(jī)在設(shè)計(jì)上較之前的變化，“可能帶來(lái)了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的不確定性”，比如迎角探測(cè)器。

據(jù)《環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，獅子航空空難發(fā)生后不久，事故調(diào)查的焦點(diǎn)就指向了737 Max飛機(jī)本身：其迎角探測(cè)器(AOA)存在問(wèn)題，可能會(huì)反饋錯(cuò)誤數(shù)據(jù)。彭博社當(dāng)時(shí)曾報(bào)道稱，在飛行員手動(dòng)飛行時(shí)，此問(wèn)題會(huì)導(dǎo)致傳感器給出飛機(jī)即將失速的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)據(jù)，737 Max會(huì)自動(dòng)將機(jī)頭向下壓，導(dǎo)致下墜。

去年10月29日，在印度尼西亞雅加達(dá)，一名警察整理飛機(jī)殘骸。新華社/路透

隨后，波音向所有運(yùn)營(yíng)737 Max系列飛機(jī)的航空公司發(fā)布了安全公告，指導(dǎo)機(jī)組人員如何通過(guò)現(xiàn)有飛行程序應(yīng)對(duì)迎角傳感器出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)據(jù)。迎角是飛行中的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)，如果迎角過(guò)大會(huì)引起失速，使得機(jī)翼喪失升力。

不過(guò)，也有相關(guān)專家表示，現(xiàn)在確定此次埃塞航墜機(jī)的原因還為時(shí)過(guò)早。

而面對(duì)對(duì)737 MAX的質(zhì)疑，3月12日，波音在推特發(fā)布最新聲明：對(duì)737 MAX的安全充滿信心。

波音公司表示：“安全是波音公司的首要任務(wù)，我們對(duì)737 MAX的安全性充滿信心。我們了解監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)和客戶已做出他們認(rèn)為最適合其本土市場(chǎng)的決策。我們將繼續(xù)與他們保持溝通，以確保他們擁有對(duì)運(yùn)營(yíng)機(jī)隊(duì)充滿信心所需的信息。美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空管理局此時(shí)并未強(qiáng)制要求采取任何進(jìn)一步行動(dòng)，并且根據(jù)現(xiàn)有信息，我們沒(méi)有任何依據(jù)向運(yùn)營(yíng)商發(fā)布新的指南。”

緊急打補(bǔ)丁？波音將升級(jí)737 MAX軟件系統(tǒng)

此前3月11日，波音曾發(fā)布公告稱，表示將對(duì)737 MAX的飛行控制增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，并預(yù)計(jì)將在4月之前取得美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空管理局的適航許可。

Boeing Company said Monday that it is planning to make a safety upgrade to software that is to be deployed across the 737 MAX fleet in the coming weeks.

Boeing said it is working with the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to develop the software enhancement, which the FAA hoped to mandate with an Airworthiness Directive no later than April.

波音稱，自從去年獅航航班墜機(jī)后，為了飛機(jī)更加安全，一直在為737 MAX開(kāi)發(fā)飛行控制軟件，俯仰增強(qiáng)控制功能已經(jīng)添加，以改善飛機(jī)操縱特性。同時(shí)給飛行員下發(fā)了操作手冊(cè)，指導(dǎo)其手動(dòng)調(diào)整迎角探測(cè)器故障帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題。

Boeing said it has been developing a flight control software enhancement for the 737 MAX for the past several months in the aftermath of the Lion Air Flight 610 tragedy.

3月10日墜機(jī)事件發(fā)生后，波音公司曾通過(guò)官方微博和推特發(fā)表多次聲明，表示會(huì)提供技術(shù)協(xié)助↓↓↓

U.S. aircraft manufacturing giant Boeing Sunday promised to offer technical assistance to Ethiopia over a deadly air crash of Ethiopian Airlines.

"A Boeing technical team will be traveling to the crash site to provide technical assistance under the direction of the Ethiopia Accident Investigation Bureau and U.S. National Transportation Safety Board," Boeing said in a short statement.

It also offered condolences to the families of the passengers and crew on board Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 (ET 302).

中國(guó)航空公司暫停飛行波音737 MAX 8，國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)量超90架

3月11日9時(shí)，民航局發(fā)出通知，要求國(guó)內(nèi)運(yùn)輸航空公司于2019年3月11日18時(shí)前暫停波音737 MAX 8飛機(jī)的商業(yè)運(yùn)行。

The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) has ordered Chinese airlines to ground their Boeing 737 Max 8 jets following the deadly crash on Sunday of an Ethiopian Airlines plane, the second such fatal accident involving the same aircraft model in five months.

In a statement on its website on Monday, the Chinese aviation regulator said the two crashes "share certain similarities" noting that in both cases "the aircraft were newly delivered Boeing 737 Max 8, and both accidents occurred during takeoff."

It ordered domestic airlines to halt the operations of their Boeing 737 Max 8 jets by 6 p.m. local time on Monday.

民航局將聯(lián)系美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空局和波音公司，在確認(rèn)具備有效保障飛行安全的有關(guān)措施后，通知各運(yùn)輸航空公司恢復(fù)波音737-8飛機(jī)的商業(yè)運(yùn)行。

"The administration will contact the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration and Boeing Company and resume the commercial operation of the Boeing 737 Max 8 aircraft after it is convinced about the safety of the model," CAAC said.

這樣的做法引來(lái)少網(wǎng)友感慨“生命無(wú)價(jià)，中國(guó)民航好樣的”！

波音737-8何時(shí)恢復(fù)？外交部：尚無(wú)時(shí)間表，要確保安全

3月12日，關(guān)于波音737-8飛機(jī)在中國(guó)被暫停運(yùn)行將持續(xù)多久這一問(wèn)題，外交部發(fā)言人陸慷主持例行記者會(huì)時(shí)回應(yīng)：

首先，我想強(qiáng)調(diào)，發(fā)生這起不幸的空難事故后，不只是中國(guó)民航局，全球已經(jīng)有不少國(guó)家和地區(qū)都暫停了波音737-8飛機(jī)的商業(yè)運(yùn)行。有的國(guó)家是全部暫停，有的是部分航空公司暫停，有的國(guó)家是正開(kāi)展調(diào)查，大家在網(wǎng)上都可以看到。

First of all, I want to stress that after this tragic air crash happened, not only the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), but also several countries and regions have suspended the Boeing 737 MAX 8 jets. While this aircraft type has been grounded by some or all airliners in certain countries, some other countries are carrying out investigations, which you may go and check for yourself online.

至于中方的暫停禁令會(huì)持續(xù)多久，中國(guó)民航局發(fā)布的公告已表明，將聯(lián)系美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空局和波音公司，在確認(rèn)具備有效保障飛行安全的有關(guān)措施后，通知各運(yùn)輸航空公司恢復(fù)波音737-8飛機(jī)的商業(yè)運(yùn)行�，F(xiàn)在很難預(yù)斷一個(gè)具體時(shí)間表，而是要確保沒(méi)有任何安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的前提，這也是為了對(duì)所有乘客的安全負(fù)責(zé)。

As for how long the aircraft will be grounded in China, the CAAC has made it clear in its statement that it would contact the US Federal Aviation Administration and Boeing and then notify airlines when they could resume flying the jets after making sure measures to effectively guarantee flight safety are in place. I can hardly give you a specific timetable at this moment. Rather, we need to ensure there is not any safety risk as we need to be responsible to all passengers.

失事飛機(jī)黑匣子已經(jīng)找到，等待調(diào)查真相

當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間11日下午，埃塞俄比亞航空公司發(fā)表聲明稱，經(jīng)過(guò)搜尋，遇難飛機(jī)波音737-MAX8的黑匣子已經(jīng)找到，其中包括“數(shù)字飛行數(shù)據(jù)記錄器”和“駕駛艙話音記錄器”兩個(gè)部分。埃塞俄比亞航空公司還將進(jìn)一步跟進(jìn)事情發(fā)展的情況。

Meanwhile, the Ethiopian Airlines announced in a press release that the Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) and Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) of ET302 had been recovered. The cause of the crash is expected to be found from the black box data.

多國(guó)民航?jīng)Q定暫停飛行同類機(jī)型

據(jù)英國(guó)廣播公司12日?qǐng)?bào)道，美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空管理局(FAA)堅(jiān)稱波音737 MAX 8“適航”。盡管半年之內(nèi)連發(fā)兩起波音737 MAX 8飛機(jī)墜機(jī)空難，F(xiàn)AA依然發(fā)布“持續(xù)適航通知”，稱這架飛機(jī)可以安全飛行。

The US Federal Aviation Administration has told airlines it believes Boeing's 737 Max 8 model to be airworthy, after two fatal crashes inside six months.

就在美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空管理局發(fā)布這項(xiàng)聲明后不久，阿根廷航空、墨西哥國(guó)際航空公司和巴西勒莫國(guó)航也宣布將暫停波音737 MAX 機(jī)型。澳大利亞、新加坡、英國(guó)也于周二決定暫時(shí)停飛波音該機(jī)型。

Some in the aviation community have called for the aircraft to be grounded pending a full investigation.

But late on Monday, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) issued a "continued airworthiness notification" saying the plane was safe to fly.

China, Indonesia, and Ethiopia on Monday ordered their airlines to ground the jet. Aerolineas of Argentina, Mexico's Aeromexico and Brazil's Gol have also suspended flights of the aircraft.

Australia, Singapore and the United Kingdom on Tuesday banned Boeing 737 MAX planes from their airspaces and airlines around the world grounded the jets following a second deadly accident in just five months.

當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間周二，歐洲航空安全局（The European Aviation Safety Agency）發(fā)布聲明稱，從當(dāng)天晚上7點(diǎn)起，將全面禁飛波音737 MAX 8和MAX 9兩款機(jī)型，歐洲境內(nèi)不再使用上述機(jī)型執(zhí)飛，同時(shí)也不允許任何由第三方運(yùn)營(yíng)的這兩款機(jī)型飛越歐洲領(lǐng)空。

在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》3月11日統(tǒng)計(jì)的47家航空公司中，除9家飛行狀態(tài)“不明”的航空公司之外，全球23家航空公司已經(jīng)禁飛波音737 MAX 8，且這一數(shù)字呈現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。另有美國(guó)西南航空、加拿大航空、美國(guó)航空、挪威航空等以歐美航空公司為主的航司仍然正常使用波音737 MAX 8。

圖片來(lái)源于《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》

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