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從街邊小販到慈善大王:90歲香港商業(yè)巨頭帶你領(lǐng)略人生百味
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-04-16 10:12 點(diǎn)擊:
2018年,美國(guó)商業(yè)雜志《福布斯》公布新的香港富豪榜,嘉華集團(tuán)現(xiàn)任董事會(huì)主席呂志和排名第三,僅次于李嘉誠(chéng)、李兆基。
中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)香港版記者對(duì)這位年近90的老人進(jìn)行了專(zhuān)訪,傾聽(tīng)了他近一個(gè)世紀(jì)的心路歷程。
皮之不存,毛將焉附
清朝光緒11年,呂志和的曾祖父呂德盈和成百上千的中國(guó)勞工一起被塞進(jìn)船艙里,從廣東遠(yuǎn)渡到美國(guó)。
In 1885, Lui Che-woo’s great-grandfather Lui Deying boarded a ship to the United States, among thousands of Chinese laborers seeking a better life for their families.
晚清華人“下南洋”的情景
挨過(guò)近百天的旅程,穿越極高死亡率的生死線,15歲的呂德盈來(lái)到加州一家農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作。從最開(kāi)始領(lǐng)著比白人低一半的薪水,到一度成為美國(guó)出口蔬菜市場(chǎng)的最大華人供應(yīng)商,呂德盈在美40年的生意拼搏為呂家打下了殷實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
通過(guò)三代人的奮斗,1929年呂志和出生時(shí),呂家已是江門(mén)的富裕人家。呂家坐落在江門(mén)東海里第八巷的第一家,是座擁有天井的小洋房,屋內(nèi)鋪著高檔的麻石。
In 1929, when Lui Che-woo was born in Jiangmen, Guangdong province, Lui’s family had become one of the richest in the village, thanks to his hard-working elders.
Lui’s family lived in the first house on the eighth alley of Donghaili. The house had a patio. The floor was covered with granite, an expensive building material at that time.
呂志和現(xiàn)在還記得曾祖父笑著走進(jìn)門(mén)來(lái),從懷里掏出一個(gè)溫?zé)岬挠图埌,里面包著香噴噴的燒鵝腿。曾祖父一邊看著呂志和吃,一邊細(xì)心地問(wèn)他在私塾里學(xué)了什么。
Lui Che-woo remembers his great-grandfather was amiable to him, always wearing a kind smile. He still remembers a sunny afternoon when his great-grandfather walked into the house and passed Lui a hot roasted goose leg, carefully wrapped in greaseproof paper.
呂志和父母呂金銓及李寶璇
然而,家人為呂志和撐起的保護(hù)傘,卻無(wú)法抵抗大環(huán)境的風(fēng)雨飄搖。
Lui’s carefree days did not last long. Japan’s invasion of China shattered the quiet life.
1931年,日本發(fā)動(dòng)對(duì)中國(guó)東三省的侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),呂志和五歲那年,呂家舉家遷往香港避難。
1941年12月8日清晨,正在上課的呂志和清晰地聽(tīng)見(jiàn)炮彈炸響,那一年的圣誕夜英軍徹底向日本投降,香港進(jìn)入了三年零八個(gè)月的黑暗日據(jù)時(shí)期,人權(quán)尊嚴(yán)與社會(huì)秩序蕩然無(wú)存,生存成了極大的難題。
呂志和在自傳中回憶道,所有香港市民見(jiàn)了日軍都要90度鞠躬。日本兵濫殺成性,看誰(shuí)不順眼就一槍打死。呂志和曾親眼目睹自己的同胞在幾米以外的地方被槍殺。
民族的苦難成了呂志和心中最痛苦的回憶,當(dāng)年受到的譏諷,至今無(wú)法釋?xiě)。他永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法忘記日本人那句,“你們中國(guó)人,是文盲!”即便已經(jīng)過(guò)了近一個(gè)世紀(jì),聽(tīng)到這句話時(shí)的苦楚,仍然無(wú)法被稀釋。
白手起家,迎難而上
作為家里唯一的曾孫,看到戰(zhàn)時(shí)家人三餐不繼,呂志和下決心自己做生意。
回憶起那段少年經(jīng)歷,呂志和哭得很傷心,“日本人攻打香港,當(dāng)時(shí)的生活是很困難的,租也沒(méi)得收了,生意也沒(méi)得做了。當(dāng)時(shí)就見(jiàn)證了中國(guó)被日本人欺負(fù)。在那個(gè)環(huán)境之下,自己那么小,十幾歲......我那時(shí)也就十幾歲,自己謀生,真的好慘。”
“Life was tough at the time. We couldn’t receive rent, and our business was cut off because of the war. I witnessed our compatriots being bullied by the Japanese. I was in my early teens at that time… It was a hardship for me to make a living on my own.”
他發(fā)現(xiàn)成百上千的人為了重返內(nèi)地,排著隊(duì)領(lǐng)通關(guān)證件,就向他們兜售花生等零食,稍微有了本錢(qián)后,就雇人做起神仙糕等需要加工的熟食。他還安排自己的祖母做銷(xiāo)售,13歲的呂志和則當(dāng)起了小老板,跑市場(chǎng)、搞采購(gòu)、做決定。
1948年呂志和及四位妹妹
憑著超常的辛勞付出和別出心裁的點(diǎn)子,呂志和在油麻地的食品界漸漸做大。那段時(shí)期,他賺到了約200萬(wàn)元日本軍票,在當(dāng)時(shí)可以買(mǎi)下一條街的房子。
1945年日本宣布無(wú)條件投降,香港生活秩序漸漸恢復(fù),呂志和卻遭到了人生第一個(gè)打擊,拒絕兌換“軍票”的日軍撤出了香港,他手中的200萬(wàn)元日本軍票瞬間變?yōu)閺U紙。
消沉過(guò)后,呂志和重振旗鼓,在姨夫的介紹下進(jìn)入了汽車(chē)零件行,當(dāng)了庫(kù)管員。又依托祖母給的一小筆錢(qián),他開(kāi)起了自己的汽車(chē)零件行,賺到了人生的第二桶金。
1955年,呂志和成立一家名為“嘉華”的公司,并于1964年進(jìn)軍石礦業(yè)務(wù)。然而次年,呂志和就遭遇巨大的打擊。港英政府推出順利邨公務(wù)計(jì)劃,挖出大量石料,并免費(fèi)供應(yīng)給建筑商取用,這給當(dāng)時(shí)只靠賣(mài)石料為生的嘉華造成毀滅性的打擊,一度沒(méi)有生意可做。
1960年代攝于雍雅山房
呂志和的長(zhǎng)子呂耀東回憶道,“當(dāng)時(shí)我也就十來(lái)歲,我爸每天很勤奮,很辛苦,回家身上都帶著泥……即使他故作輕松和堅(jiān)強(qiáng),我們還是能看到他的失意、不快。”
經(jīng)過(guò)幾年的苦苦支撐,1967年,港英政府采取“以發(fā)展促穩(wěn)定”的策略,啟動(dòng)一系列大型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目,嘉華集團(tuán)也因此恢復(fù)了元?dú)狻?/p>
半個(gè)世紀(jì)后,嘉華成了香港本土最大的石礦建材生產(chǎn)商,呂志和被人們稱(chēng)為“石礦大王”。如今的嘉華集團(tuán)已成了市值數(shù)百億的跨國(guó)企業(yè)。
始終是中國(guó)人
呂志和一直告訴自己“始終是香港人,是中國(guó)人”。
在教育下一代時(shí),也一定要孩子們勿忘作為中國(guó)人的本分與責(zé)任。
Lui has passed on his passion for the motherland to his children. He has asked his children never to forget their roles and responsibilities of being Chinese.
七十年代,送子女出國(guó)還是奢侈的事情,每個(gè)孩子臨行前,呂志和都要叮囑他們:只要有機(jī)會(huì),就一定要回來(lái)發(fā)展。
呂志和在自傳中回憶到:“我的子女去外國(guó)讀書(shū),我都逐一對(duì)他們說(shuō),你是中國(guó)許多億人中最幸福的一個(gè),有吃、有住,還有機(jī)會(huì)到外國(guó)讀書(shū)。你要答應(yīng)我,畢業(yè)后一定要回來(lái)香港,以及為祖國(guó)辦事。”
“Before I sent my children to study abroad I told them seriously, you are the luckiest ones among hundreds of millions of Chinese. You do not have to worry about shelter or food and on top of that, you get to study abroad. You must promise me that when you graduate, you must return to Hong Kong and serve our country,” Lui recalled.
除此之外,呂志和還會(huì)向兒子們提出一個(gè)特別的要求:“你們下一代也要保持中國(guó)人的身份,如果你娶了外國(guó)人當(dāng)老婆就不好了。” 必須要得到孩子們肯定的答復(fù),他才肯送他們?nèi)?guó)外學(xué)習(xí),“如果不答應(yīng),我就留他們?cè)谙愀邸?rdquo;
Lui had one more demand of his boys: “Your next generation also needs to maintain their identity as Chinese. It wouldn’t be OK if you were to marry a foreigner,” he told his sons. He would send his children abroad only after they agreed to his conditions. “I’d have kept them in Hong Kong if they didn’t agree to make that promise,” he said.
兒女們也全部如呂志和所愿,一畢業(yè)連證書(shū)還未到手就回到香港工作。大兒子呂耀東在放下行囊的第二天,就去工地上做事。
為香港,為祖國(guó),能做多少,我就做多少
2012年7月1日,香港特區(qū)政府授予呂志和“大紫荊勛章”。這是香港特區(qū)政府授予公民的最高級(jí)別榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)?wù)。而呂志和獲得獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌脑虿⒎巧虡I(yè)成就,而是社會(huì)成就。
On July 1, 2012, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government awarded Lui a Grand Bauhinia Medal, the highest honor awarded to a local citizen by the government. Lui was awarded the medal not for his success as a businessman, but for his contributions to society.
2012年呂志和獲香港特區(qū)政府頒授最高榮譽(yù)“大紫荊獎(jiǎng)?wù)?rdquo;。
特區(qū)政府的頒獎(jiǎng)詞這樣寫(xiě)到:“呂志和博士長(zhǎng)期參與社會(huì)及慈善服務(wù),表現(xiàn)卓越,尤其對(duì)本港各界組織慷慨解囊,并支持商界與政府合作,濟(jì)弱扶貧。”
呂志和:“其實(shí)我們中國(guó)人,過(guò)去有三百多年是落后的,被外國(guó)人看不起,在經(jīng)歷了很多事情以后,我想著有能力了,就盡心盡力回報(bào)祖國(guó)、回饋社會(huì)。”
“China was in fact underdeveloped for around 300 years in the past. We had been looked down upon by foreigners. I had gone through these experiences, so I’ve been driven to make contributions to society and do what I can.”
在云南省昆明市的一次考察中,呂志和目睹了偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)窮困農(nóng)戶的狀況。兒時(shí)親身經(jīng)歷過(guò)溫飽不濟(jì)的生活,他明白,如果生活窮困就更談不上下一代的教育了。于是他在心中醞釀?dòng)?jì)劃:要為這些孩子們建學(xué)校,讓他們走出因貧困而受不到教育,因受不到教育而貧困的惡性循環(huán)。
He saw the poor living conditions of the local people during a business trip to Kunming, capital city of Yunnan province. Having experienced the poor life when he was a child, Lui knew that for people with empty stomachs, education is a luxury. He decided to provide support for education in remote and poor rural areas of China to help people escape the vicious cycle of lacking money for education and thus growing even poorer without it.
呂志和找到當(dāng)時(shí)的新華社香港分社(中聯(lián)辦前身),吐露了希望在內(nèi)地建設(shè)學(xué)校的心愿,又努力與國(guó)家教育部取得聯(lián)絡(luò),最終啟動(dòng)了在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)捐建希望小學(xué)的計(jì)劃。至今,呂志和已累計(jì)幫助八個(gè)省市新建或修復(fù)了122所中、小學(xué)。
Coordinating with the then Xinhua Agency’s Hong Kong branch, the former Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong SAR and the nation’s Ministry of Education, Lui established a plan to build Hope Primary School in poor rural areas in the Chinese mainland. So far he has set up or renovated 122 primary and secondary schools in eight provinces and cities on the Chinese mainland.
中國(guó)人自己創(chuàng)立的國(guó)際獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)
2017年10月3日,第二屆“呂志和獎(jiǎng) - 世界文明獎(jiǎng)”(下稱(chēng)“呂志和獎(jiǎng)”)頒發(fā)了三個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng) —— “持續(xù)發(fā)展獎(jiǎng)”、“人類(lèi)福祉獎(jiǎng)” 和 “正能量獎(jiǎng)”。這三個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)分別是由解振華、蘭德薩農(nóng)村發(fā)展研究所(Landesa)以及國(guó)際殘疾人奧林匹克委員會(huì)獲得。
“呂志和獎(jiǎng)”得獎(jiǎng)?wù)叩莫?jiǎng)金是2,000萬(wàn)港元的獎(jiǎng)金(相當(dāng)于大約256萬(wàn)美元)。獎(jiǎng)金數(shù)額之高,已經(jīng)超越多個(gè)世界級(jí)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng) —— 遠(yuǎn)高于約110萬(wàn)美金的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)金、120萬(wàn)美元的邵逸夫獎(jiǎng)以及100萬(wàn)美金的圖靈獎(jiǎng)。
在2017年的第二屆“呂志和獎(jiǎng)”的頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上,香港特區(qū)行政長(zhǎng)官林鄭月娥說(shuō)香港有“邵逸夫獎(jiǎng)”、“呂志和獎(jiǎng)”及“一丹獎(jiǎng)”三大國(guó)際性獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng),均以嘉許具國(guó)際地位的人士、在社會(huì)宣揚(yáng)正能量為目標(biāo)。這證明香港是個(gè)有建樹(shù)的國(guó)際性城市,值得香港市民自豪。
2017年“呂志和獎(jiǎng)-世界文明獎(jiǎng)”第二屆頒獎(jiǎng)典禮
在2015年,呂志和宣布“呂志和獎(jiǎng)”正式成立,并表示自己已捐出市值20億元的資產(chǎn)做為第一期資金。出資創(chuàng)辦這樣一個(gè)屬于全人類(lèi)的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng),他并沒(méi)有一個(gè)驚天動(dòng)地的戲劇化理由,他的愿望是中國(guó)人能夠做出一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)來(lái),希望人們?cè)谧非笪镔|(zhì)的同時(shí),不忘對(duì)美好社會(huì)的追求。
呂志和:“還是那句話 ‘施比受更有福’。在這方面,我內(nèi)心安樂(lè)。我希望呂志和獎(jiǎng)的精神能傳承下去。這是一粒種子,希望有人能夠明白,能夠幫助。慢慢地推動(dòng)下去、發(fā)展下去。”
“As the saying goes, ‘it is more blessed to give than to receive’. I feel really fulfilled in this regard. I hope the spirit of the Lui Che Woo Prize can live on. I see it as a seed. I hope people can understand it and help to promote the spirit of the prize and to facilitate its development.