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世聯(lián)翻譯公司即使有生命危險(xiǎn)也不想讓女性墮胎?這就是“人道”的
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-04-25 09:48 點(diǎn)擊:
美國嘛,咱都知道,特喜歡拿“人權(quán)”說事兒。
只是,在“人權(quán)”上自詡衛(wèi)道士的美國,卻有個(gè)連他們自己都苦惱不已的問題……
墮胎。
最近,美國的密西西比州簽署了嚴(yán)格的反墮胎法案:禁止懷孕15周以上的女性墮胎。
愛荷華州更牛X。他們已經(jīng)醞釀了更加嚴(yán)苛的禁止墮胎法律——只要你懷孕6周以上,甭管你想不想要孩子,一律不讓墮胎。
還有蠢蠢欲動(dòng)的俄亥俄州:無論什么形式的墮胎都不可以——哪怕會(huì)危機(jī)到孕婦的生命,那也得把孩子給生下來再說。
荒不荒謬?但人家已經(jīng)有20個(gè)議員在這么提議了:
Mississippi’s governor just signed a law, more restrictive than in any state, banning abortions after 15 weeks.
Iowa’s state Senate is trying to go even further and stop abortions at around six weeks.
And 20 Ohio legislators have proposed outlawing all abortions, even if the woman’s life is in danger.
▲Abortion battles are heating up ahead of November midterms (via Washington Post)
……不知道是誰給他們的勇氣,認(rèn)為哪怕孕婦的生命都“in danger”了,也要先保小的。
事實(shí)上,“能不能墮胎”在美國是個(gè)長期撕扯的話題。
雖然有復(fù)雜的宗教因素(例如天主教主張把受孕之初的胎兒就看做是人,禁止剝奪胎兒的人權(quán),包括生命),但關(guān)于“能不能墮胎”這事兒,美國民眾自己也很精分。
墮胎?可胎兒也是小生命啊。
不墮胎?可這種計(jì)劃外的生命,如果帶來的只有恐慌、不安和焦慮,以及生活水平和健康狀況的下降,那豈不是讓更多的人受罪?
雖然頗有爭議,但對(duì)于特別反墮胎的特朗普童鞋,以及他所在的共和黨而言,自由的“墮胎權(quán)”是什么?
不存在的
In many state capitols, Republican lawmakers are backing unusually strict antiabortion laws. Many are emboldened by President Trump, who has been more supportive of their agenda than any president in decades
目前美國各州共和黨都在極力推出更嚴(yán)厲的法案禁止墮胎。很多人認(rèn)為這跟特朗普有直接的關(guān)系,特朗普是近幾十年來最反對(duì)墮胎的總統(tǒng)。
“Trump has given hope to the pro-life movement,” said Ron Hood, a Republican state representative who introduced the total abortion ban in Ohio.
“特朗普給了 ‘pro-life(反墮胎)’運(yùn)動(dòng)希望,” 在俄亥俄州推出了全面禁止墮胎法案的共和黨成員 Ron Hood 在接受采訪時(shí)說。
▲Abortion battles are heating up ahead of November midterms (翻譯via好奇心日?qǐng)?bào))
如果簡單地按人群來劃分,那么在美國,共和黨(及其支持者)禁止墮胎,而民主黨則傾向于把墮胎的權(quán)利交給孕婦。
畢竟,如果孕婦是意外懷孕的呢?如果她并沒有做好身心準(zhǔn)備去要撫養(yǎng)這個(gè)孩子呢?
40多年的爭議
事實(shí)上,美國聯(lián)邦法律是允許墮胎的——在一個(gè)化名為羅伊(Jane Roe)的女子做了許久的抗?fàn)幹蟆?/p>
▲Jane Roe
1969年,22歲的羅伊第三次懷孕了。
當(dāng)時(shí)她沒有工作,生活拮據(jù),實(shí)在無力去撫養(yǎng)這將要出生的第三個(gè)生命。
可她所在的得克薩斯州法律禁止墮胎。沒辦法,年輕的羅伊只能把女兒生了下來。
(圖via ABC)
但在這之后,羅伊就走上了反對(duì)禁止墮胎的漫漫長路。她向得克薩斯州提起訴訟,控告他們過于強(qiáng)調(diào)胎兒的生命權(quán),在墮胎問題上管得太寬。
在經(jīng)歷了漫長的訴訟后,1973年,羅伊取得了勝利——聯(lián)邦從法律層面將“墮胎權(quán)”確定了下來。
在“羅伊案”之前的美國,禁止墮胎到如何夸張的地步?
一張圖感受一下——
(via Map of US abortion laws pre-1973.svg)
紅色:無論如何,禁止墮胎
紫色:如果是被強(qiáng)奸,則可以墮胎
藍(lán)色:如果威脅到孕婦的生命,則可以墮胎
綠色:如果是被強(qiáng)奸/亂倫/威脅孕婦生命/胎兒畸形,則可以墮胎
黃色:如果的確有需要,則可以墮胎
看著那一大片的紅色區(qū)域,主頁君瑟瑟發(fā)抖。
也就是說,在1973年“羅伊案”以前,這些州的女性哪怕是被強(qiáng)奸而懷孕,或者懷孕已威脅了她的健康甚至生命,都必須把孩子生下來。
不想生?打算隱瞞懷孕、偷偷自己流產(chǎn)?
那也不是不可以。只是,你得經(jīng)歷異于常人的痛苦與危險(xiǎn)……
Why would a woman put a leech inside her body, in the most private of female places? Why would she put cayenne pepper there?
為什么女性會(huì)把水蛭放在自己體內(nèi),放在女性最私秘的身體部位?她為何會(huì)往那里放辣椒?
Why might a woman swallow lye? Gunpowder? Why would a woman hit herself about the abdomen with a meat pulverizer? A brickbat? Throw herself down the stairs?
為何女性會(huì)吞服堿液?火藥?她為什么會(huì)用鐵錘或磚塊擊打腹部?為何會(huì)讓自己滾下樓梯?
Why would she syringe herself, internally, with turpentine? Gin? Drink laundry bluing?
為何她會(huì)向自己體內(nèi)注射松節(jié)油或杜松子酒?或者喝上藍(lán)劑?
Why might she probe herself with a piece of whalebone? A turkey feather? A knitting needle?
為何她可能會(huì)用鯨骨、火雞羽毛或是毛衣針扎自己?
Why would she consume medicine made of pulverized Spanish fly? How about powdered ergot, a poisonous fungus? Or strychnine, a poison?
她為何會(huì)服用斑蝥粉制成的藥物?或者有毒的麥角真菌?又或者是有毒的士的寧?
Why would she take a bath in scalding water? Or spend the night in the snow?
她又為何會(huì)用滾燙的水沐。炕蚴窃谘┑乩镞^夜?
Because she wanted to end a pregnancy. Historically, women have chosen all those methods to induce abortion.
因?yàn)樗虢K止妊娠。歷史上,為了能引起流產(chǎn),女性采用過所有這些方法。
Women’s historical willingness to endure horrible dangers, to submit to extreme and prolonged pain, to risk grave injury and death rather than remain pregnant, tells us something important aboutfemale desperation and determination, and the price women were — and still are — willing to pay to control their own bodies. What it tells us is that women will always find ways to end an unwanted pregnancy, no matter what the law says, no matter the risks to themselves.
歷史上,女性寧愿面對(duì)可怕的危險(xiǎn)、忍受極端、長期的痛苦,冒著自殘,甚至是死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),也要終止懷孕。這讓我們看到,女性為了成為自己身體的主人,會(huì)怎樣地不顧一切、義無反顧、不惜代價(jià)。歷史讓我們知道,女性總是會(huì)尋找方法終止不想要的妊娠,不管法律怎么說,不管風(fēng)險(xiǎn)多么大。
▲Leeches, Lye and Spanish Fly (via New York Times)(翻譯via紐約時(shí)報(bào)中文網(wǎng))
諸多艱辛與不易,更能體現(xiàn)出“羅伊”抗?fàn)幍囊饬x。
只是……在“羅伊案”過去40多年后的現(xiàn)在,美國聯(lián)邦政府都“允許”墮胎了,這些問題還存在嗎?
答案是顯而易見的。
看看羅伊當(dāng)年所在的得州是怎么蹦跶的:
Texas legislators passed a contentious bill in 2013 banning abortions after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
美國得克薩斯州立法機(jī)關(guān)2013年通過法案,禁止懷孕20周以上的女性接受墮胎手術(shù)。
The US Supreme Court legalised abortion nationwide in 1973, but about a dozen states have enacted laws in recent years limiting access to the procedure. Some of that state legislation is tied up in court battles.
美國最高法院于1973年批準(zhǔn)全國墮胎合法化,但包括得州在內(nèi)的十幾個(gè)州近年紛紛通過地方立法來把合法墮胎限制在一定周數(shù)以下。部分地方立法目前正受到訴訟挑戰(zhàn)。
In addition to banning abortions after 20 weeks of pregnancy, the bill will require all abortion procedures to be performed at a surgical centre. Only six abortion clinics in Texas can be classified as surgical centres, and all are in major metropolitan areas, according to the Texas Tribune.
得州的這部法案除了禁止懷孕20周以上墮胎,還要求全州的墮胎手術(shù)都只能在“手術(shù)中心”進(jìn)行,而據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)孛襟w報(bào)道,整個(gè)得州只有六家位于大城市的診所符合“手術(shù)中心”資格。
▲Texas senate passes 20-week abortion ban bill (via BBC)(翻譯via BBC中文網(wǎng))
于是,話題又回到了這篇文章的開頭:密西西比州禁止懷孕15周以上的孕婦墮胎,愛荷華州更是打算6周后就不讓女性流產(chǎn)。
既看似沒有違反聯(lián)邦法律,又達(dá)成了各自摧毀“墮胎權(quán)”的目的。真是妙啊。
至于超過這個(gè)期限還墮胎的女性,會(huì)有什么下場?
“用衣架自行墮胎未遂,面臨謀殺指控入獄” 了解一下……
Anna Yocca was 24-weeks pregnant when police say she filled a bathtub with water, untwisted the wire of a coat hanger and plunged it into her womb in an attempt at “self abortion.” → 懷孕24周,將衣架插入子宮,企圖自行流產(chǎn)
When she saw blood in the water, Yocca panicked. Afraid for her safety, she called her boyfriend and he took her to the hospital. Later she was transferred to a larger facility in Nashville, Tenn., where she delivered a 1.5-pound baby boy. → 暈倒后送醫(yī),卻將孩子生出了
The infant faces a life attached to an oxygen tank, the Murfreesboro Post reported, because of the early birth and damage to his lungs, eyes and heart caused by the coat hanger. His mother is facing an indictment for first-degree attempted murder.→ 嬰兒眼/肺/心臟受到嚴(yán)重傷害
Yocca, 31, was arrested last week, three months after her alleged abortion attempt, the Associated Press reported. She is being held on a $200,000 bond; jail officials told the AP they don’t know whether she has a lawyer. → 被捕,面臨謀殺指控
▲Tenn. woman charged with attempted murder for failed coat hanger abortion (via Washington Post)
▲Anna Yocca
關(guān)于“墮胎”,這始終是個(gè)有爭議的話題。
胎兒算不算獨(dú)立的“人”的個(gè)體?胎兒是否可以同等享受人權(quán)?當(dāng)胎兒和孕婦的權(quán)利有沖突時(shí)如何取舍?如果保障了胎兒的權(quán)利,是否即是忽視了女性自主生育的權(quán)利?亦或是說……當(dāng)宗教與法律相交織時(shí),女性的“自主生育權(quán)”也只是相對(duì)的概念?
一個(gè)未出世的孩子的權(quán)利,是否可以凌駕于母親的權(quán)利之上?
也罷……美國人自己都爭論不休的事兒,咱們也就是看個(gè)熱鬧。
孰是孰非,真不是一句話能說得清的。
▲反對(duì)墮胎的人舉牌:“孩子是上帝的禮物。” 支持墮胎的人舉牌:“我的身體我做主。”
你怎么看待美國“禁止墮胎”“限制墮胎”的法律?贊成還是反對(duì)?歡迎留言分享你的觀點(diǎn)!